Pathology: Knowledge Compilation and Notes Pathology: Knowledge Compilation and Notes I. Drug-Induced Lung Injury Risk factors: Age > 60 Preexisting lung disease (interstitial pneumonia) Decreased respiratory function History of lung resection Oxygen therapy Radiation exposure Renal impairment Smoking Note: Drug-induced lung injury is a serious concern that can lead to respiratory failure and even death.…

Lipids, Enzymes, and Cholesterol Regulation Lipids, Enzymes, and Cholesterol Regulation 1. Lipids Lipids are organic molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like ether, chloroform, and benzene. They serve as the body’s primary energy source, contribute to cell membrane structure, hormone synthesis, and act as neurotransmitters. Types of Lipids: Simple lipids:…

Diagnosis and Management of Low Back Pain Diagnosis and Management of Low Back Pain 1. Introduction: Low back pain is a common symptom, affecting about 80% of the population in their lifetime. Low back pain can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from simple causes like sprains to more serious conditions like herniated…

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) I. Definition Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a condition characterized by a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ≥ 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of ≥ 90 mmHg that develops after the 20th week of pregnancy, accompanied by negative proteinuria. II. Classification PIH is classified based on blood…

Road Traffic Law: What You Need to Know Road Traffic Law: What You Need to Know Here are some important things to remember about the Road Traffic Law, summarized from frequently asked questions: Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) and Breath Alcohol Content (BrAC): Drivers of cars, tractors, and specialized motorcycles: BAC is strictly prohibited at 0mg/100ml…

Lesson 1: Genes, Genetic Code, and Replication Process Lesson 1: Genes, Genetic Code, and Replication Process 1. Basic Concepts: a. Gene: Location: A gene is a segment of a DNA molecule that carries genetic information encoding for a specific trait. Structure: A gene is composed of nucleotides linked together in a specific sequence. Function: Genes…

Indigestion Indigestion Definition: Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a common condition characterized by discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen. It is often associated with difficulty digesting food, leading to symptoms like bloating, gas, nausea, and vomiting. Causes: Diet: Overeating, eating too quickly, consuming large quantities of greasy or spicy foods, and excessive alcohol…

Drug Incompatibility: A Comprehensive Guide for Healthcare Professionals Drug Incompatibility: A Comprehensive Guide for Healthcare Professionals Introduction: Drug mixing is a common practice in healthcare settings. However, mixing drugs is not always safe. Drug incompatibility is a serious concern that can lead to adverse effects that compromise patient health and even life. This article provides…

Gout Medication: A Comprehensive Guide and Precautions Gout Medication: A Comprehensive Guide and Precautions Gout is a form of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid in the blood, leading to the formation of urate crystals in the joints. Gout treatment focuses on relieving pain, reducing inflammation, and managing uric acid levels in the…

Abdominal Trauma: A Comprehensive Guide and Considerations Abdominal Trauma: A Comprehensive Guide and Considerations 1. Introduction Abdominal trauma is a dangerous condition that can be life-threatening. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial to minimize complications and mortality. This article provides detailed information on abdominal trauma examination, including causes, mechanisms, injury characteristics, examination process, imaging diagnostics,…