Appendicitis Appendicitis Appendicitis 1. Epidemiology: Appendicitis (AA) is rare in children under 3 years old, the incidence increases gradually, peaking in adolescents and decreasing with age. However, AA is not uncommon in the elderly. The male to female ratio of AA is 2/3, in the elderly this ratio is 1/1. 2. Diagnosis of AA: Diagnosis…

Chest X-ray in Tuberculosis: A Guide to Interpretation Chest X-ray in Tuberculosis: A Guide to Interpretation Chest X-ray in Tuberculosis: A Guide to Interpretation This article will provide basic information on how to interpret chest X-rays in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. 1. Signs on the X-ray: Signs of Hilum Opacity: Opacity obscures the hilum…

Ultraviolet Radiation: A Type of Radiation with Many Applications Ultraviolet Radiation: A Type of Radiation with Many Applications Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays. Sources: UV radiation is emitted from sources such as: Objects above 2000 degrees Celsius: Hot objects like the…

Male Genitourinary Clinical Examination Male Genitourinary Clinical Examination Male Genitourinary Clinical Examination Dysuria: The following sign is not a manifestation of dysuria: D. Frequent urination throughout the day. The most prominent symptom of dysuria is: B. Straining to urinate. In normal adults, the average urine flow rate is: C. 20 ml/second. Not a cause of…

Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines: Two Important Groups of Antibiotics Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines: Two Important Groups of Antibiotics Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines: Two Important Groups of Antibiotics # How do antibiotics affect bacteria? Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines are both groups of antibiotics that target the process of translation, the protein synthesis of bacteria. # Aminoglycosides (AG) Mechanism of action:…

Stillbirth: What You Need to Know Stillbirth: What You Need to Know Stillbirth: What You Need to Know Stillbirth is a tragic event where a baby dies in the womb before delivery. This is a serious complication that can severely affect a mother’s health. Here is essential information about stillbirth to help you understand the…

Toxicology – Chapter 1 Toxicology – Chapter 1 Toxicology – Chapter 1 1. What is a Toxin? Toxins are chemical substances that have the ability to alter physiological functions at various levels, leading to bodily injury or even death when exposed to the body in certain doses. 2. Characteristics of Toxins: Dose: The amount of…

Diuretics: Mechanism of Action, Indications, and Side Effects Diuretics: Mechanism of Action, Indications, and Side Effects Diuretics: Mechanism of Action, Indications, and Side Effects Diuretics are a group of medications that help increase urine output, regulating fluid levels in the body. This article provides information about various diuretics, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects,…

A Comprehensive Overview of the Families within the Magnoliidae Class A Comprehensive Overview of the Families within the Magnoliidae Class A Comprehensive Overview of the Families within the Magnoliidae Class This article provides a comprehensive summary of the shared and unique characteristics of families belonging to the Magnoliidae class, making it easier for you to…

Newborn: Caring for Full-Term and Premature Infants Newborn: Caring for Full-Term and Premature Infants Newborn: Caring for Full-Term and Premature Infants I. Full-Term Infants: 1. Physiology: Physical Examination: Length (CN): Head Circumference (CC): Skin: Subcutaneous Blood Vessels: Subcutaneous Fat: Vernix Caseosa: Lanugo Hair: Hair, Nails: Ears (Auricular cartilage): Skull: Head circumference, anterior fontanel, sutures Breasts:…