Digestive System Digestive System 1. Definition: The digestive system is a system of organs responsible for digesting food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste products. The digestive system includes: Digestive tract: A long tube from the mouth to the anus. It includes: Mouth and its associated structures: lips, teeth, tongue, salivary glands. Pharynx: Connects the mouth…

Basic Lesions in Dermatology Basic Lesions in Dermatology Macule Macule is a change in skin color compared to the surrounding area, flat and may be well-defined or ill-defined. Diameter: < 1cm: Macule > 1cm: Patch Color: Depends on the amount of melanin accumulation Types of macule: Pigmented macule: Due to melanin, can be congenital or…

Analysis of the Poem “Đồng chí” Analysis of the Poem “Đồng chí” 1. Origin: The poem “Đồng chí” is taken from the poetry collection “Đầu súng trăng treo” (1966) by Chính Hữu. 2. Context of Creation: The poem was written in 1948, during the early stages of the resistance war against the French, after the…

Intussusception in Infants Intussusception in Infants 1. Overview Intussusception is a common medical emergency in infants, particularly those under the age of 2. 2. Causes Thin infants: Thin infants are more susceptible to intussusception due to their thinner intestinal walls, which are more prone to spasms. Well-nourished infants: Breastfed infants may have a higher risk…

Medications for Stomach Ulcers Medications for Stomach Ulcers Stomach ulcers are a common problem that affects many people. Fortunately, there are various medications that can help treat and prevent ulcers. This article will provide you with an overview of the different types of medications used to treat stomach ulcers, including their mechanisms of action, indications,…

Drugs Acting on K Receptors Drugs Acting on K Receptors Drugs acting on K receptors can be classified based on their mechanism of action: 1. Action on membrane lipids: Anesthetics: Anesthetics act on membrane lipids, altering the properties of the cell membrane and affecting the activity of ion channels, leading to changes in neurotransmission and…

Anti-parasitic Drugs for the Digestive Tract Anti-parasitic Drugs for the Digestive Tract Anti-parasitic drugs for the digestive tract are medications used to treat parasitic infections in the digestive tract, most commonly worms and flukes. 1. Anti-worm Drugs: Mebendazole: Is a white-yellow powder, odorless, and poorly soluble in water. It is poorly absorbed, hence low toxicity.…

Drug Interactions: An Overview Drug Interactions: An Overview Drug combinations are an important part of disease treatment, but understanding the interactions between drugs is crucial to ensure effectiveness and safety. Drug interactions can be classified based on their effects on each other. 1. Synergistic interactions: Additive synergy: Two drugs act on the same target organ…

Shortness of Breath in Heart Failure Shortness of Breath in Heart Failure Signs of Shortness of Breath Dyspnea on exertion: This is the most common sign of heart failure. Orthopnea: Shortness of breath that occurs when lying flat. It’s caused by blood pooling in the lungs when lying down. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea: This is a…

Respiratory System Review Respiratory System Review Fever Approaching a patient with fever: 1. Is there truly a fever? 2. Fever classification: By duration: Acute fever: Less than 1 week Prolonged fever: More than 1 week 3. Causes of fever: 4. Fever progression: 5. Complications of fever: Definition of fever: Normal body temperature: 36.8 ± 0.4…