Lesson 7: Cardiovascular Dysfunction Lesson 7: Cardiovascular Dysfunction 1. Chest Pain a. Typical Angina Pectoris due to Local Myocardial Ischemia Manifestations: Heavy, squeezing, crushing chest pain. Onset during exertion. Pain behind the breastbone. Radiates to the left shoulder, left arm, left jaw, inner left forearm, little finger of the left or right hand. Pain duration…

Acute Pancreatitis Acute Pancreatitis 1. Definition: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas. It occurs when digestive enzymes within the pancreas become prematurely activated within the pancreas itself, rather than in the small intestine, leading to pancreatic tissue damage. 2. Diagnostic Criteria: According to the Atlanta Criteria, AP is definitively diagnosed when…

Heat-Clearing Medications: Helping Your Body Overcome Pathogenic Heat Heat-Clearing Medications: Helping Your Body Overcome Pathogenic Heat I. Definition: Heat: Refers to the heat within the body. There are two types of heat: Physiologic heat: The heat generated by metabolic processes, providing the necessary warmth for bodily functions. Pathogenic heat: Also known as toxic heat, it’s…

Lesson 45 + 46: Energy and Energy Flow in Ecosystems Lesson 45 + 46: Energy and Energy Flow in Ecosystems I. Energy Flow in Ecosystems: 1. Common Energy Pathway: Sunlight → Autotrophs → Heterotrophs → Energy returns to the environment Note: Sunlight is the primary source of energy for all ecosystems. Autotrophs (plants, algae) absorb…

Rickets: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Precautions Rickets: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Precautions Rickets is a condition that occurs when the body does not absorb enough calcium and phosphorus for bones to grow normally. The main cause of rickets is vitamin D deficiency, an essential nutrient that helps the body absorb calcium from food. 1. Sources…

12 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Formulas: A Comprehensive Guide & Precautions 12 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Formulas: A Comprehensive Guide & Precautions This article presents 12 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulas, detailing their ingredients, benefits, and precautions for use. General Precautions: This information is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional…

Parasitology: An Introduction Parasitology: An Introduction I. Definition Parasites are organisms that live in or on another organism (known as the host) and benefit by deriving nutrients and shelter from the host, often at the host’s expense. While parasites can cause harm to their hosts, they typically don’t kill their hosts immediately, as they need…

Chapter 22: Acute Diarrhea in Children Chapter 22: Acute Diarrhea in Children 1. Definition Acute diarrhea is a condition characterized by passing loose or watery stools more than 3 times in 24 hours, lasting no more than 14 days (usually less than 7 days), with watery or loose stools without blood. 2. Classification Acute diarrhea…

Liver Cancer: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Liver Cancer: Hepatocellular Carcinoma 1. What is Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)? Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of liver cancer that develops from the liver cells themselves. It is a serious and often fatal disease if not treated promptly. 2. Types of Liver Cancer: Liver cancer includes the following types: Hepatocellular carcinoma…