Placental Abruption: Comprehensive Knowledge and Details Placental Abruption: Comprehensive Knowledge and Details 1. Definition: Placental abruption (PA) is the premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus before the baby is born. 2. Causes: Main Cause: High blood pressure during pregnancy, preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia. Other Causes: Trauma to the abdomen, Cesarean delivery.…

Lesson 2: Connective Tissue Lesson 2: Connective Tissue I. Introduction: Connective tissue is a very diverse type of tissue found in almost all organs and organ systems in the body. It plays a vital role in supporting, protecting, connecting tissues and organs, and is also involved in many other important biological processes. II. Origin: Connective…

Abdominal Examination: A Comprehensive Guide Abdominal Examination: A Comprehensive Guide I. Abdominal Regions: 2 Methods of Division: Method 1: Nine Regions: Upper Region: Epigastric, Right Hypochondriac, Left Hypochondriac Middle Region: Umbilical, Right Iliac, Left Iliac Lower Region: Hypogastric, Right Inguinal, Left Inguinal Method 2: Four Quadrants: Right Upper Quadrant: Liver, Gallbladder, Duodenum (upper portion), Right…

Toxicology Toxicology Definition: Toxicology is the scientific study of the effects of poisonous substances on living organisms, including: Physicochemical properties: Structure, chemical properties, degradation, absorption, metabolism, and excretion of toxins. Mechanism of action: How toxins affect the body at the cellular, tissue, organ, and whole-body levels. Symptoms of poisoning: Signs, symptoms, and progression of poisoning.…

Intra-abdominal Bleeding: A Dangerous Condition Requiring Prompt Management Intra-abdominal Bleeding: A Dangerous Condition Requiring Prompt Management Intra-abdominal bleeding, also known as bleeding in the abdominal cavity, occurs when blood leaks into the space within the abdomen. This is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that demands prompt medical attention. Intra-abdominal bleeding often arises from traumatic…

Obstetrics Quiz: Diagnosing Labor Obstetrics Quiz: Diagnosing Labor Note: The questions and answers below are for reference only. Diagnosing labor should be done by an obstetrician based on clinical examination, ultrasound, fetal monitoring, and necessary tests. 1. During the pushing stage, fetal heart rate should be monitored: A. Every 30 minutes. B. Every 15 minutes.…

Ecology: Concepts and Related Terms Ecology: Concepts and Related Terms 1. Habitat: Concept: A habitat is the natural environment where an organism lives and thrives. It includes all the living and non-living factors that directly or indirectly affect the organism’s survival, growth, reproduction, and other activities. Classification: Terrestrial Habitat: Includes the atmosphere, soil, and related…

Molar Pregnancy Quiz: Molar Pregnancy Quiz: This article provides information about molar pregnancy, a common reproductive health issue. However, the quiz format is for informational purposes only. Please note: Information presented is for general knowledge only and should not be considered as a substitute for professional medical advice. It is recommended to consult with a…

Child Vaccination: A Comprehensive Guide Child Vaccination: A Comprehensive Guide I. Understanding Immunity Immunity is the body’s ability to resist disease. 1. Types of Immunity Based on Specificity Non-specific immunity: This is the body’s general defense against all pathogens, including: Physical barriers: Skin, mucous membranes. Chemical barriers: pH levels, secretions, lysozyme. Microbial barriers: Gut microbiota,…

Nutritional Status Assessment: Mastering Knowledge, Efficient Application Nutritional Status Assessment: Mastering Knowledge, Efficient Application 1. Concept: Nutritional Status (NS) is a set of functional, structural, and biochemical characteristics reflecting the body’s ability to meet its nutritional needs. NS is the result of dietary intake and the body’s utilization of nutrients. Good NS reflects a balance…