Characteristics of the Upper First Molar Characteristics of the Upper First Molar The upper first molar is one of the most important teeth in the mouth, playing a crucial role in grinding food. This tooth has a unique structure, which includes: 1. Number of Roots Three roots: The upper first molar has three roots: two…

Chemical Composition of Medicinal Herbs Chemical Composition of Some Medicinal Herbs Below is a list of chemical constituents of some commonly used medicinal herbs in traditional Vietnamese medicine. Note that this list is not exhaustive and there may be other components that have not been studied or identified. 1. Herbs containing alkaloids: Quisqualis Indica (Sử…

Breastfeeding: Benefits and Comprehensive Guide Breastfeeding: Benefits and Comprehensive Guide Breastfeeding is the optimal way to nourish newborns and infants. Breast milk is packed with nutrients, antibodies, and protective factors that help babies grow healthy, strong, and protected from diseases. I. Benefits of breastfeeding: 1. Benefits for baby: Perfect, sterile source of nutrition: Breast milk…

Cardiovascular Physiology – Knowledge Supplement Cardiovascular Physiology – Knowledge Supplement I. Cardiac Conduction System The normal sinoatrial node is the pacemaker of the entire heart because: Higher impulse rate than other sites: The sinoatrial node has the highest intrinsic impulse rate (60-100 beats/minute), faster than the atrioventricular node (40-60 beats/minute) and the His-Purkinje system (20-40…

Cell Membrane and Organelles Cell Membrane and Organelles Here is a detailed explanation of the cell membrane and organelles found within a cell: 1. Cell Membrane Thickness: 100 Å (Angstrom) Each layer: 25 – 30 Å Lipid Composition: Phospholipid: Comprises 55% – The primary component of the cell membrane. Cholesterol: Comprises 25 – 30% –…

Cellular Membrane Transport Physiology Cellular Membrane Transport Physiology 1. The Cell Membrane Structure: The cell membrane is a thin structure (around 7.5-10nm), encapsulating the cell, separating the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid. It is composed of the following major components: Proteins (55%): Mostly glycoproteins, floating within the lipid bilayer of the membrane. Integral (transmembrane)…

Chapter 1: Head Examination Chapter 1: Head Examination I. Introduction A head examination is a crucial component of a comprehensive patient assessment. It enables physicians to detect early signs of abnormalities in the scalp, skull, and brain tissue, paving the way for prompt and effective treatment. II. Layers of the Scalp The scalp comprises five…

Blood Physiology: Detailed Questions and Answers Blood Physiology: Detailed Questions and Answers 1. Erythropoietin production is increased when: Living at a high altitude > 4000m for a long time. A. True Explanation: * At altitudes greater than 4000m, the atmospheric pressure is lower, and the oxygen concentration in the air is also reduced. This leads…

Blood-Regulating Medicines: Unlocking the Secrets of Blood Flow Blood-Regulating Medicines: Unlocking the Secrets of Blood Flow Blood, the life-giving fluid, plays a critical role in transporting oxygen, nutrients, and removing waste products throughout the body. When blood flow is disrupted, our health can suffer. Blood-regulating medicines, also known as hemostatic or blood-activating medicines, are a…

Bone and Teeth Development in Children Bone and Teeth Development in Children: What You Need to Know 1. Bone Development 1.1. Bone Ossification Centers 3-6 months: The radius and ulna bones in the forearm begin to show ossification centers. 3 years old: The trapezium bone in the wrist starts to show an ossification center. 4-6…