Gene Technology: The Secrets of Genetically Modified Organisms Gene Technology: The Secrets of Genetically Modified Organisms 1. Gene Technology: A Definition Gene technology refers to the collection of techniques that directly manipulate an organism’s genetic material (DNA) to create cells or organisms with modified genes or new genes. In other words, gene technology allows humans…

Fundamentals of Genetics Fundamentals of Genetics 1. DNA Replication Timing: S phase of interphase in the cell cycle. Context: Occurs before cell division. Mechanism: DNA is unwound into two single strands, each acting as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This process adheres to the principles of base pairing and semi-conservative…

Fats: An Essential Energy Source for Your Body Fats: An Essential Energy Source for Your Body 1. Definition Fats, also known as lipids, are triesters of glycerol with fatty acids, collectively referred to as triglycerides or triacylglycerols. General structural formula: R1-COO-CH2 | R2-COO-CH | R3-COO-CH2 Where: R1, R2, R3 represent hydrocarbon radicals of fatty acids.…

Fetal Demise: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Complications Fetal Demise: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Complications I. Definition Fetal demise, also known as stillbirth, is the death of a fetus in the uterus before the 20th week of pregnancy. II. Causes Maternal Factors Medical Conditions: Preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, endocrine disorders, infections……

Fever: What you need to know Fever: What you need to know 1. The body’s response when the body temperature is high (fever state)? When body temperature exceeds the normal range, the body will react to increase the body temperature to fight against pathogens. This mechanism happens through two ways: Increased heat production: The body…

Ephedra: A Valuable Herb with Many Uses Ephedra: A Valuable Herb with Many Uses 1. General Introduction Ephedra is a valuable medicinal plant widely used in both traditional and modern medicine. The term “Ephedra” typically refers to species in the genus *Ephedra*, including: Chinese Ephedra: *Ephedra sinica* Ma Huang: *E. equisetina* Intermedia Ephedra: *E. intermedia*…

Epidemiology 2: Supplementary Knowledge EPIDEMIOLOGY 2: SUPPLEMENTARY KNOWLEDGE 1. Epidemiology (Epi) is the science of: c. Studying the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events Epidemiology is the study of health in populations. It looks at how diseases and other health issues are spread, how often they occur, and what factors influence them. 2.…

Expanding Upon Key Biological Concepts Expanding Upon Key Biological Concepts: 1. Water and Mineral Absorption by Roots: Mechanism of Absorption: Roots absorb water and minerals primarily through root hairs. These are specialized epidermal cells with a delicate structure and a large surface area, enhancing absorption capacity. Movement Within the Plant: Water and minerals, once absorbed,…

Eye Drops: Quality Control and Manufacturing Requirements Eye Drops: Quality Control and Manufacturing Requirements 1. Definition Eye drops are liquid medications, either solutions or suspensions, that are instilled into the eye to treat eye conditions or to deliver medication directly to the eye. Eye drops can be used to treat conditions such as conjunctivitis, keratitis,…

Digestion and Circulation in Animals – Biology 11 Digestion in Animals – Biology 11 1. Definition of Digestion Digestion is the process of breaking down food from complex molecules into simpler substances that can be easily absorbed and used by the body. * **Note:** Digestion is a breakdown process, not a synthesis process. 2. The…