Granule Drug Testing Granule Drug Testing ➢ Definition Granule drug (granule): is a solid dosage form in the form of small, porous granules or short, porous fibers, usually taken orally with a little water or a suitable liquid, or dissolved, suspended or syruped. Granules contain one or more active ingredients, in addition to excipients such…
Growth Hormone (GH): Role, Mechanism of Action, and Considerations Growth Hormone (GH): Role, Mechanism of Action, and Considerations Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It plays a critical role in the growth and development of the body, particularly during childhood and adolescence. GH’s effects are wide-ranging, influencing the…
H1 Antihistamines H1 Antihistamines 1. Betahistine Maximum daily dose of Betahistine: 48mg/day Verist contains the active ingredient: Betahistine Be-Stedy contains the active ingredient: Betahistine How many strengths does Be-Stedy come in?: Two strengths: 16mg and 24mg Note: Betahistine is a medication for treating dizziness caused by inner ear disorders, not an H1 antihistamine. 2. Fexofenadine…
H1 Antihistamines: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Applications H1 Antihistamines: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Applications Histamine is a chemical mediator that plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological responses, especially allergic reactions. When histamine binds to the H1 receptor, it triggers numerous effects on the body, including: 1. Cardiovascular Effects of Histamine:…
Genes: The Fundamental Units of Life Genes: The Fundamental Units of Life 1. Gene Concept: A gene is a segment of DNA that carries genetic information encoding a specific product, which can be a ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequence or a polypeptide (protein) chain. Genes are the fundamental units of life, playing a pivotal role in…
Genetic Code and DNA Replication Genetic Code and DNA Replication 1. Genetic Code Concept: The genetic code is the sequence of nucleotides (nu) in a gene that dictates the sequence of amino acids (a.a) in a polypeptide chain. Characteristics of the genetic code: Triplet code: Each triplet of nucleotides (codon) codes for one amino acid.…
Gingival Hyperplasia: Causes, Classification, and Considerations Gingival Hyperplasia: Causes, Classification, and Considerations Gingival hyperplasia is a condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the gums. It can affect chewing function, aesthetics, and oral health. There are multiple causes for gingival hyperplasia, each with its unique mechanisms and characteristics. Classification of Gingival Hyperplasia: 1. Inflammatory Gingival…
Glucose and Fructose: Concepts, Properties, and Applications Glucose and Fructose: Concepts, Properties, and Applications I. Glucose (C6H12O6) 1. Concept: Glucose is a type of monosaccharide, commonly known as grape sugar. It is the main component of many ripe fruits, honey, and is found in leaves, flowers, roots, and ripe fruits. It is present in human…
Fundamentals of Genetics Fundamentals of Genetics 1. DNA Replication Timing: S phase of interphase in the cell cycle. Context: Occurs before cell division. Mechanism: DNA is unwound into two single strands, each acting as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This process adheres to the principles of base pairing and semi-conservative…
Gene Mutation Gene Mutation 1. Definition: Mutation: A change in the genetic material at the molecular level (gene mutation) and at the cellular level (chromosome mutation). Mutant: An organism that carries a mutation and exhibits a phenotypic change as a result of the mutation. 2. Causes: External Causes: Physical Agents: Radiation (e.g., X-rays, ultraviolet radiation),…