Biology Exam Review 7 Biology Exam Review 7 Biology Exam Review 7 1. Ammonifying bacteria are involved in the conversion of: Nitrogen in compounds to NH4+ 2. Which chamber does blood get pushed into the aorta from when the ventricle contracts? Left ventricle 3. Which chamber does blood get pushed into the pulmonary artery from…

Biochemistry Practical 3: Glucose Quantification Biochemistry Practical 3: Glucose Quantification Biochemistry Practical 3: Glucose Quantification 1. Principle: Direct Proportionality: Absorbance (E) is directly proportional to the concentration (C) of the substance. Dilution: The photometric method applies the formula: Ct = (Et/Ec) x Cc x V/Vt. GOD (Glucose Oxidase): Glucose quantification using the enzyme method relies…

Biochemistry: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides Biochemistry: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides Biochemistry: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides # Monosaccharides (MS) Structure: MS consists of a carbon chain containing a reducing functional group (aldehyde or ketone) and hydroxyl groups. Classification: Chemical Isomers: Ketose: MS with a ketone functional group. Aldose: MS with an aldehyde functional group. Stereoisomers: D-isomer:…

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) 1. Definition: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as benign prostatic hypertrophy or prostate enlargement, is a common condition in older men that progresses slowly and causes urinary problems ranging from mild to severe. – Approximately 60% of men over 50 experience BPH,…

Beta-lactam Antibiotics: Mechanism of Action and Resistance Beta-lactam Antibiotics: Mechanism of Action and Resistance Beta-lactam Antibiotics: Mechanism of Action and Resistance Beta-lactam antibiotics are a broad-spectrum class of antibiotics widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections. This group includes various subgroups: 1. By structure: Penam: Penicillin Penem: Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Doripenem Cephem: Cephalosporin Monobactam:…

Basic Knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Basic Knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Basic Knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus (DM) 1. Symptoms of Hypoglycemia: Occurring mainly when fasting (more than 3 hours after a meal): Fatigue, sweating, trembling of hands and feet. Symptoms usually disappear when eating, drinking, or receiving glucose. 2. Skin Manifestations in Diabetic Patients:…

Basic Concepts of Immune Response Basic Concepts of Immune Response Basic Concepts of Immune Response Immune response is the body’s ability to recognize, respond to, and eliminate foreign substances (antigens). Innate immunity is the body’s inherent, genetically determined ability to defend itself. Sensitization is the process by which the body comes into contact with a…

Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors: A Guide to Common Antibiotic Classes Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors: A Guide to Common Antibiotic Classes Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors: A Guide to Common Antibiotic Classes This article will explore several groups of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, focusing on their mechanisms of action, characteristics, indications, adverse effects, and drug…

Basic Characteristics of a Population Basic Characteristics of a Population Basic Characteristics of a Population A biological population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular space, capable of interbreeding and producing offspring. Populations possess the following basic characteristics: 1. Sex Ratio: The sex ratio within a population is the…

Asthma: Overview and Treatment Asthma: Overview and Treatment Asthma: Overview and Treatment Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. People with asthma often have a history of respiratory symptoms such as coughing, which varies in frequency and severity, and reversible airflow limitation. # Causes of Asthma Factors that can trigger an…