The Concept of Disease: From Antiquity to the Present The Concept of Disease: From Antiquity to the Present 1. The Concept of Disease Throughout History: a. Primitive Times: Disease was viewed as punishment from the gods. Herbal remedies began to be used for healing. b. Ancient Civilizations: Ancient China: Disease was seen as an imbalance…

Subject-Verb Agreement Subject-Verb Agreement Subject-verb agreement is a fundamental grammatical rule in English that ensures sentences are grammatically correct and clear. This principle dictates that the verb in a sentence must agree in number with its subject, meaning that the verb should be singular if the subject is singular and plural if the subject is…

Supplemental Biology Knowledge Supplemental Biology Knowledge 1. Transportation of Water and Minerals Through xylem: Water and minerals are transported from the roots to the stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits through the xylem. Key points: Xylem consists of dead cells joined end-to-end, forming hollow tubes. The transportation of water and minerals occurs through a combination of…

Supplementing and Detailing Biological Knowledge Supplementing and Detailing Biological Knowledge 1. Which of the following cells creates the surface of contact between the plant root and the soil? Root hair cells: These are epidermal cells of the root, elongated and thin with a thin cell wall, no chloroplasts and numerous hairs. The main function of…

Sly Senses: Adding Knowledge About Sight, Hearing, and Taste Sly Senses: Adding Knowledge About Sight, Hearing, and Taste This article will provide supplementary and detailed information about the senses: sight, hearing, and taste. I. Sight 1. Structure of the Eye Structure: The eye consists of 3 layers: outer layer, middle layer, inner layer. Outer layer:…

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) 1. Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin cancer that originates from the squamous cells of the skin and mucous membranes. SCC differs from basal cell carcinoma in its ability to invade and metastasize distantly. 2. Clinical Presentation: History: SCC often arises from precancerous…

Sterilization Requirements for Eye Drops Sterilization Requirements for Eye Drops The eyes are sensitive organs that are susceptible to infection Therefore, sterilization requirements for eye drops are paramount to ensure the safety of the user. 1. Types of Eye Drops and Sterilization Requirements: Single-use eye drops: Sterile formulation: The strictest requirement, ensuring the drug is…

Stomach Diseases: An Overview and Key Considerations Stomach Diseases: An Overview and Key Considerations Stomach disease is a general term referring to various conditions affecting the stomach, including: Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining, which can be acute or chronic. Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD): Deeper sores in the stomach lining, forming ulcers. Stomach Cancer: Abnormal…

Respiratory Immunity Respiratory Immunity 1. Introduction The respiratory system is one of the organs most vulnerable to attack by pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and allergens. To protect the body from these agents, the immune system plays a crucial role. 2. Non-specific Immune System The non-specific immune system (also known as innate immunity) is…

Respiratory Physiology Respiratory Physiology 1. Function of hemoglobin in respiration: Oxygen transport: Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in red blood cells that has the ability to bind with oxygen (O2) to form oxyhemoglobin (HbO2). HbO2 transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues in the body to provide energy for cellular activity. Carbon dioxide…