Diabetes Medications: Classification and Mechanism of Action Diabetes Medications: Classification and Mechanism of Action Diabetes Medications: Classification and Mechanism of Action This article will provide a brief overview of the common diabetes medications, classifying them by group and mechanism of action. 1. Sulfonylurea (SU) drugs: Group 1: Tolbutamide, tolazamide, acetohexamide, chloropamid. Group 2: Glyburide, glipizide,…
Dental Article Dental Article Dental Article This article summarizes knowledge about Dentistry (RHM), including true or false questions and answers. 1. Pathology: Gingivitis due to calculus: True. Extraction is indicated for all VQC3: False. Osteomyelitis of the jaw due to teeth is a common disease: True. All dentin caries test positive to cold (+): False.…
Dementia: Understanding This Common Condition Dementia: Understanding This Common Condition Dementia: Understanding This Common Condition Dementia is a syndrome that causes a gradual and permanent decline in memory and cognitive abilities. This condition is becoming increasingly common in people over 60, with the prevalence doubling every five years. According to the DSM-IV, dementia is diagnosed…
Cough: A Manifestation of Many Medical Conditions Cough: A Manifestation of Many Medical Conditions Coughing is a conditioned reflex that occurs suddenly and repeatedly, aiming to expel secretions and irritants from the respiratory tract. Coughing can be a symptom of many medical conditions, including cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Cough in Cardiovascular Diseases: Cardiovascular diseases cause…
Cough Syrup: Mechanism of Action and Common Types Cough Syrup: Mechanism of Action and Common Types Cough Syrup: Mechanism of Action and Common Types Cough syrup is used to treat the symptoms of coughing, a natural reflex of the body to remove irritants from the respiratory tract. Cough syrups work through various mechanisms, including: 1.…
Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Artery Disease 1. Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevalent condition in developed countries. Pathogenesis: Fat deposits in the inner lining of the coronary arteries lead to atherosclerosis, progressively forming blood clots that cause obstruction. Major complications: Angina pectoris (AP), myocardial infarction (MI), and sudden death. 2.…
Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Artery Disease Concept: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common disease, especially in developed countries. The main cause is the deposition of fat in the inner layer of the coronary arteries (CA), leading to atherosclerosis. The process of atherosclerosis progresses gradually, causing narrowing of the CA lumen and…
Confidence Interval Estimation for Mean and Proportion Confidence Interval Estimation for Mean and Proportion # Basic Concepts: Confidence interval (or interval estimate) is a range of values determined from sample data, used to estimate the true value of a population parameter. Point estimate is a single value calculated from the sample data to estimate the…
Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Comprehensive Guide Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Comprehensive Guide Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung tissue (including alveoli, alveolar sacs, respiratory bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, and interstitial tissue) that can affect an entire lobe, alveoli adjacent to the bronchus, or interstitial tissue. Classification: Acute pneumonia: Lasts less than 21 days. Community-acquired pneumonia: Not…
Coma – Altered Consciousness Coma – Altered Consciousness Coma – Altered Consciousness Coma is a state of complete unresponsiveness to external stimuli. Causes of Coma: Metabolic Disorders: Hypernatremia/Hyponatremia Hypercalcemia Hyperglycemia/Hypoglycemia Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) Hypertensive encephalopathy Hypoxemia/Hypercapnia Global cerebral ischemia due to hypotension Major Causes of Coma: Drugs/Toxins/Poisoning: ALCOHOL Seizures: EPILEPSY Metabolic Disorders/Systemic Causes:…