Genetic Change in Bacteria Genetic Change in Bacteria Genetic Change in Bacteria 1. Mutation Concept: Mutation is a sudden change in a character of an individual, inherited to the next generation, creating a new line (variant). Characteristics: Mutations are random, rare, stable, specific and independent. Mechanism: Due to changes in the gene structure in the…
Platelet Physiology and Hemostasis Platelet Physiology and Hemostasis Platelet Physiology and Hemostasis 1. Hemostasis Hemostasis is a complex process that helps the body stop bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It involves two stages: Primary Hemostasis: This is the rapid stage and involves vasoconstriction and platelet plug formation. Secondary Hemostasis: This stage is longer…
Cough and Expectorant Medicines: A Detailed Guide Cough and Expectorant Medicines: A Detailed Guide Cough and Expectorant Medicines: A Detailed Guide This article provides detailed information about cough and expectorant medicines, including their mechanisms of action, types, indications, side effects, and precautions for use. 1. Cough Medicines Cough medicines can act peripherally and centrally to…
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) I. Signs of Cardiac Arrest: Loss of consciousness No breathing or gasping No heartbeat II. Chest Compression/Rescue Breathing Ratio: 30 chest compressions/2 rescue breaths III. Causes: Drowning Burial Inhalation of toxic gases Airway obstruction Brain or nerve damage IV. CPR Sequence: DRCAB V. Explanation of Each…
Taking the Initial Impression in Full Mouth Rehabilitation Taking the Initial Impression in Full Mouth Rehabilitation Taking the Initial Impression in Full Mouth Rehabilitation # 1. Initial Impression The initial impression serves as the “foundation” for the prosthesis, used to create a custom tray for the next impression. Functional Mucosal Impression: Used when it is…
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Symptoms and Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatments Rheumatoid Arthritis: Symptoms and Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatments Rheumatoid Arthritis: Symptoms and Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatments Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and damage to the joints. It is often chronic, causing pain, limited movement, and affecting the quality of life of the patient.…
PERITONEUM – ABDOMINAL WALL – INGUINAL CANAL PERITONEUM – ABDOMINAL WALL – INGUINAL CANAL PERITONEUM – ABDOMINAL WALL – INGUINAL CANAL I. PERITONEUM 1. All of the following statements about the peritoneum are correct EXCEPT: A – The parietal peritoneum is the portion that lines the inner surface of the abdominal wall. B – The…
Physical Chemistry Exercises Physical Chemistry Exercises Question 1: What is a surfactant with an HLB of 5 typically used for? A. Emulsification for O/W emulsions C. Surface penetration B. Increasing the dispersibility of poorly soluble substances D. Anti-foaming Question 2: Supercritical fluid is a state of matter: A. Liquid C. Both liquid and gas B.…
Chronic Hepatitis Chronic Hepatitis Chronic Hepatitis Chronic hepatitis (CH) is a condition characterized by long-term inflammation of the liver, leading to chronic liver damage. In Vietnam, the primary cause of CH is viral, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV). In contrast, in the United States, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH) and alcohol are more common culprits.…
Skull Trauma Examination Skull Trauma Examination Definition: Skull trauma is an injury that affects the scalp, skull, and/or brain. It includes: Physical damage: skull fracture, brain contusion, hematoma Temporary physiological dysfunction of the brain: often seen after trauma, can recover after treatment Combined injuries: due to traffic accidents, labor, etc. Principles of Skull Trauma Examination:…