Red Fallopia multiflora (Fo-ti) – Detailed Information and Precautions

Botanical Name:

• Common Name: Red Fallopia multiflora, Chinese Knotweed, Fo-ti
• Scientific Name: Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson (synonym: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.)
• Family: Buckwheat (Polygonaceae)

Characteristics:

• Description: A woody vine with long, cylindrical roots that are reddish-brown to black. The leaves are heart-shaped or ovate, with entire margins. The upper surface is dark green, and the lower surface is paler. Small, white or pale pink flowers grow in clusters at the tips of the branches. The fruit is triangular and black.
• Distribution: Red Fallopia multiflora is widely cultivated in high mountain areas with temperate and subtropical climates. In Vietnam, it is grown in high mountainous regions like Sa Pa and Moc Chau.

Parts Used:

• Roots: The primary part used medicinally.
• Stems: Used less frequently than the roots. Primarily used for sedative effects, reducing sweating, and treating skin irritations.

Main Chemical Constituents:

• Anthraglycosides (1.7%): Emodin, Chrysophanol, Rhein, Physcion.
• Other Constituents: Tannins, Flavonoids, Saponins.

Pharmacological Effects:

Roots:

• Blood-Enriching: Increases red blood cell production, improving anemia.
• Liver and Kidney Tonic: Supports liver and kidney function, enhancing overall health.
• Laxative, Constipation Relief: Enhances intestinal peristalsis, helping soften stools and ease elimination.
• Anti-Aging, Treatment of Premature Graying: Provides antioxidant protection, safeguards cells, and promotes healthy, dark hair.

Stems:

• Sedative: Reduces anxiety, stress, and improves sleep quality.
• Anti-perspirant: Decreases excessive sweating.
• Treatment of Skin Rashes and Itching: Supports the treatment of skin conditions like sores, eczema.

Preparation Methods:

Roots:

• Trim both ends of the roots, and wash away dirt and sand.
• Slice larger roots into smaller pieces; leave smaller roots intact.
• Sun-dry or steam until cooked, then dry completely.

Stems:

• Similar to the roots, sun-dry or steam, then dry completely.

Forms of Use:

• Decoction: Boil dried roots or stems in water for consumption.
• Tincture: Soak dried roots or stems in alcohol for consumption.
• Powder: Grind dried roots or stems into a powder, mix with water to drink.

Dosage:

• Roots: Take 10-15 grams per day in a decoction, divided into 2-3 doses.
• Stems: Take 5-10 grams per day in a decoction, divided into 2-3 doses.

Precautions:

• Avoid use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
• Not recommended for those with diarrhea or loose stools.
• Avoid use in cases of bowel obstruction or acute intestinal inflammation.
• Not for individuals with known allergies to any components of Red Fallopia multiflora.
• Always consult a doctor or pharmacist before using Red Fallopia multiflora.
• Considerations for using Red Fallopia multiflora:
  • Potential side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, and dizziness.
  • Use appropriate doses and avoid exceeding recommended amounts.
  • Do not self-medicate with Red Fallopia multiflora. Seek professional guidance for treatment.

Distinguishing Red Fallopia multiflora from White Fallopia multiflora:

• Red Fallopia multiflora: Roots are reddish-brown or black; flesh is deep red; taste is slightly sweet and slightly astringent.
• White Fallopia multiflora: Roots are white or yellow; flesh is white; taste is bland and slightly bitter.

White Fallopia multiflora lacks the blood-enriching effects of Red Fallopia multiflora. However, White Fallopia multiflora has sedative, liver and kidney tonic, and laxative properties.

Substitutes or Counterfeits for Red Fallopia multiflora:

• White Fallopia multiflora: Due to their similar colors, they can be easily confused and used as a substitute for Red Fallopia multiflora.
• Smilax glabra: Another plant with red roots, which can be mistaken for Red Fallopia multiflora. However, Smilax glabra has a more bitter and astringent taste than Red Fallopia multiflora.

To avoid purchasing White Fallopia multiflora or Smilax glabra, purchase Red Fallopia multiflora from reputable sources with clear origins.

Important Notes:

• This article is for informational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice.
• Always consult a doctor or pharmacist before using any medications.

Anthranoid Quantification:

• Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is used to quantify Anthranoid in Red Fallopia multiflora.
• Emodin standard is used as a comparison standard.
• EthOH is used as a solvent for the sample and standard.
• Visualization is done using UV and ammonia vapor.

Additional Notes:

• Always use Red Fallopia multiflora from verified sources with quality assurance.
• Use the medication as prescribed by a doctor or pharmacist to ensure effectiveness and safety.