* Bright red bleeding is due to blood flowing directly from the placenta, which has not clotted.
* The bleeding self-limits due to decreased pressure on the cervix as the placenta detaches from the uterus.
* The tendency to recur multiple times is because the placenta frequently detaches when the uterus contracts.

* Ultrasound is the safest and most accurate method for diagnosing placental previa because it allows direct visualization of the placenta’s location on the uterus.
* Other methods such as X-ray and radioactive isotopes are less commonly used in diagnosing placental previa due to potential risks to the mother and fetus.

* After birth, examining the placental membrane to determine the placental attachment location helps accurately diagnose placental previa.
* Other factors like the placenta’s surface area, thickness, and lower uterine segment contraction are not criteria for diagnosing placental previa after birth.

* The correct definition of placental previa is the placenta attaching to the lower uterine segment.
* Other options are incorrect or incomplete.

* The incidence of placenta previa varies depending on factors like the mother’s age, history of childbirth, uterine abnormalities, etc.
* The incidence of 1/200 is a general statistic reported in medical literature.

* The degree of bleeding in placental previa is categorized based on the amount of blood lost by the pregnant woman, helping assess the severity and determine the appropriate treatment.
* Mild bleeding can be managed with medical treatment, but severe bleeding requires surgical intervention.

* Vaginal bleeding in placental previa can occur anytime, not necessarily during uterine contractions.
* Massive bleeding can lead to severe blood loss, endangering the mother.

* High or abnormal fetal presentation is a common sign in placental previa because the placenta attaches to the lower uterine segment, hindering the fetus’s descent.
* Other options could occur in other obstetric conditions.

* Cervical edema commonly occurs in other conditions like infections, cervical bleeding, etc.
* Other signs like bleeding, abnormal fetal presentation, and a thick cushion between the hand and fetal presentation are typical signs of placental previa.

* A uterus feeling hard as wood is a sign of excessive uterine contractions, commonly seen in conditions like postpartum hemorrhage, uterine rupture, etc.
* Other options are common symptoms found in placental previa.

* Fetal presentation pressing on the placenta is not the primary cause of bleeding in placental previa.
* Bleeding in placental previa is mainly due to other mechanisms like placental detachment, pulling of the placenta and placental membrane, and lower uterine segment formation.

* Placental previa typically occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy due to the growth of the uterus and lower uterine segment, causing the placenta to be pulled down.

* Placental previa is classified based on the placenta’s attachment location:
* Low-lying: The placenta attaches close to the internal cervical os.
* Lateral: The placenta attaches to one side of the cervix.
* Marginal: The placenta is close to the internal cervical os.
* Partial central: The placenta partially covers the internal cervical os.
* Complete central: The placenta completely covers the internal cervical os.

* A distance less than 10 cm from the placental membrane opening to the nearest edge of the placenta is a sign of placental previa after birth.
* Other distances are not indicative of placental previa.

* Blood in placental previa can clot, not necessarily thin and unclotted.
* Other characteristics like spontaneous, recurrent, and self-limiting bleeding are correct in placental previa.

* Bleeding in the last trimester of pregnancy is a warning sign and requires referral to a higher level of care for diagnosis and timely treatment.
* Vaginal examination can increase the risk of heavier bleeding and should not be performed at the primary healthcare facility.

* Ultrasound is the most convenient and safest method for diagnosing placental previa.
* Vaginal examination can increase the risk of bleeding and should not be performed when placental previa is suspected.

* Placental previa is the leading cause of vaginal bleeding in the last trimester of pregnancy.
* Other options can cause vaginal bleeding but are less common.

* Placental previa commonly occurs in the last trimester of pregnancy due to the growth of the uterus and lower uterine segment.
* Other options are not primary characteristics of placental previa.

* The fetal mortality rate in placental previa depends on various factors like gestational age, severity of bleeding, etc.
* The mortality rate is generally below 20% in placental previa treated promptly.

* Partial central and complete central placental previa carry a high risk of severe bleeding and potential maternal death.
* Vaginal delivery in these cases poses a high risk and requires a Cesarean section to ensure safety for the mother and fetus.

* Placental previa is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage as it reduces the uterus’s ability to contract, leading to increased bleeding after birth.

* The pregnant woman’s vital signs often reflect the degree of blood loss, helping doctors assess the severity of placental previa and determine appropriate treatment.

* Vaginal bleeding is the most characteristic symptom of placental previa.
* Other symptoms like abnormal fetal presentation, fetal distress, etc., are also consequences of vaginal bleeding in placental previa.

* Placental previa can be detected through various methods like vaginal examination, clinical assessment, etc.
* Placental previa is not an obstetric emergency in all cases, only requiring timely treatment when vaginal bleeding occurs.

* Fetal presentation and fetal weight are not determining factors in managing placental previa.
* Gestational age, amount of bleeding, and placental attachment location are the key factors in deciding the treatment approach.

* Managing placental previa typically involves a combination of medical and surgical treatments depending on the specific situation.
* Proactive surgery, controlled delivery, and vaginal delivery are not the main treatment approaches for placental previa.

* Vaginal examination can increase the risk of bleeding and should not be performed before labor.
* Cesarean section is only indicated in cases of severe bleeding, threatening the mother’s life.

* Placental previa can cause postpartum complications like bleeding, retained placenta, infection, etc., due to its impact on the uterus’s ability to contract.
* Uterine atony is not a common complication in placental previa.

* Vaginal examination is one of the methods for diagnosing placental previa.
* Not feeling the placenta does not mean it’s not placental previa because the placenta may attach higher, making it inaccessible by hand.

* Placental previa can be diagnosed using various methods, not just vaginal examination.
* Other options are accurate characteristics of placental previa.

* This classification is based on the placental attachment location on the cervix.

* These measures help reduce the risk of developing placental previa and minimize complications.

* This classification is based on the amount of blood lost by the pregnant woman, helping assess the severity and determine the appropriate treatment.

* These conditions have symptoms similar to placental previa, requiring accurate differentiation to determine the appropriate treatment.

* Prematurity is the primary risk factor for mortality and morbidity in newborns with placental previa because the fetus is not fully developed at birth.

* The Cesarean section rate in placental previa is often higher than the vaginal birth rate due to the high risk of bleeding.
* Other options are accurate characteristics of placental previa.

* Not all marginal placenta previa after the 37th week require a Cesarean section.
* Vaginal examination is not absolutely contraindicated in cases of suspected placental previa, considering each case individually.
* Anterior and posterior placenta previa do not differ in terms of danger.
* Placental previa can be completely asymptomatic and discovered accidentally through ultrasound.

* The lower uterine segment rapidly dilates in the last trimester of pregnancy, pulling the placenta down and potentially detaching it from the uterus, leading to vaginal bleeding.
* Other options are not the main causes of bleeding in placental previa.

* Older pregnant women and multiparous women have a higher risk of developing placental previa.
* The pregnant woman at 36 years old, para 6006 (delivered six times) is the highest risk in the given options.

* A large fetus is not a contributing factor to placental previa.
* Other factors like multiple pregnancies, history of abortions, uterine malformations, etc., can increase the risk of placental previa.