The Patriotic Movements at the Beginning of the 20th Century

At the beginning of the 20th century, the patriotic spirit of the Vietnamese people burned fiercely, giving rise to widespread and diverse movements aimed at resisting French colonial rule. Here is a table summarizing the major movements:

| Movement | Objectives | Main Activities & Forms |

|—|—|—|

| Dong Du Movement (1905-1909) | To train cadres and forces to prepare for an armed uprising against the French | – Sending students to Japan for education.
– Writing and publishing patriotic propaganda. |

| Dong Kinh Nghia Thuc Movement (1907) | To raise the literacy level and foster talented individuals | – Organizing lectures and discussions on literature and newspapers.
– Promoting commercial and industrial activities. |

| The Duy Tan Movement in Central Vietnam (1908) | To promote innovation and foster national self-reliance | – Opening public lecture halls to promote awareness and criticize backward feudal customs.
– Encouraging the adoption of new ideas and promoting commerce and industry. |

| Anti-Tax Movement in Central Vietnam (1908) | To oppose the French colonial policies of forced labor and heavy taxes | – Starting as peaceful protests, the movement gradually transitioned towards violent resistance against the French in various areas of Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, and other provinces in Central Vietnam. |

Despite their different objectives and methods, all these movements reflect the strong patriotic spirit and determination to win independence of the Vietnamese people. They played a significant role in awakening national consciousness, preparing the forces, and laying the groundwork for future independence movements.