The Evolution of Life Through Geological Eras

Precambrian:

• The emergence of algae.

Paleozoic:

• Cambrian: Differentiation of algae, marine algae dominate.

• Silurian: Vascular plants appear, animals move to land.

• Devonian: Ferns appear, diversification of bony fish, emergence of amphibians and insects.

• Carboniferous: Seed plants appear, diversification of animal phyla, amphibians dominate, reptiles emerge.

• Permian: Gymnosperms thrive, diversification of reptiles and insects.

Mesozoic:

• Triassic: Differentiation of ancient reptiles, bony fish flourish, emergence of mammals and birds.

• Jurassic: Ancient reptiles dominate, diversification of birds, gymnosperms dominate.

• Cretaceous: Angiosperms appear.

Cenozoic:

• Tertiary: Emergence of primates, diversification of mammals, birds, and insects.

• Quaternary: Emergence of humans.

Summary:

• From the Precambrian era, simple life forms like algae emerged.

• Through the geological eras, plant and animal species gradually evolved and diversified.

• Vascular plants, land animals, bony fish, amphibians, insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals appeared in succession.

• Seed plants and angiosperms appeared and flourished, contributing to changes in the environment.

• By the end of the Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Triassic periods, animals and plants had undergone major evolutionary advancements, laying the foundation for today’s biodiversity.

• Humans emerged in the Quaternary period of the Cenozoic era.