Ovarian Cyst Quiz – Additional Information

Note: The following quiz questions are for reference only and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice. Patients should consult a specialist for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

2330. The most common obstetric complication of a solid ovarian tumor is:

A. Ovarian tumor previa.

B. Miscarriage.

C. Preterm labor.

D. Fetal growth restriction.

Answer: A. Ovarian tumor previa.

Additional Information: Solid ovarian tumors can lead to various obstetric complications, including:

• Ovarian tumor previa: This is the most dangerous complication, occurring when the tumor presses on the uterus, hindering the birthing process.

• Miscarriage: Ovarian tumors can cause miscarriage by compressing the uterus, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the fetus.

• Preterm labor: Ovarian tumors can induce preterm labor by compressing the cervix, causing premature cervical dilation.

• Fetal growth restriction: Ovarian tumors can cause fetal growth restriction by compressing the uterus, leading to insufficient blood supply to the fetus.

2331. Which of the following types of ovarian cysts has the highest risk of malignancy?

A. Mucinous cystadenoma.

B. Serous cystadenoma.

C. Dermoid cyst.

D. Corpus luteum cyst.

Answer: B. Serous cystadenoma.

Additional Information:

• Serous cystadenoma: This type of ovarian cyst has the highest risk of malignancy, especially in postmenopausal women.

• Mucinous cystadenoma: This cyst is less likely to become malignant.

• Dermoid cyst: While this cyst is also less likely to be malignant, it has a higher risk of torsion.

• Corpus luteum cyst: This is a functional cyst that usually disappears after a few menstrual cycles.

2332. In ovarian cysts associated with pregnancy, when is torsion most likely to occur?

A. First trimester of pregnancy.

B. Second trimester of pregnancy.

C. Third trimester of pregnancy.

D. Postpartum period.

Answer: C. Third trimester of pregnancy.

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cyst torsion: This complication occurs when the cyst twists, obstructing blood flow and causing necrosis. Torsion is most common in the third trimester of pregnancy as the cyst and uterus enlarge, making the cyst more susceptible to twisting.

• Risk factors: Ovarian cyst torsion can occur at any stage of pregnancy, but the risk is higher in the third trimester.

2333. Regarding corpus luteum cysts of the ovary, choose the correct statement:

A. It is classified as a neoplastic cyst.

B. It only appears in the second half of the menstrual cycle.

C. If it bleeds, it presents with a clinical picture similar to a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

D. It is usually diagnosed during surgery.

Answer: B. It only appears in the second half of the menstrual cycle.

Additional Information:

• Corpus luteum cyst: This is a functional cyst that forms after ovulation and secretes the hormone progesterone. It usually disappears after a few weeks.

• Hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst: It can cause severe abdominal pain, similar to a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, but it is easier to diagnose as an ultrasound will reveal a hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst.

• Diagnosis: A corpus luteum cyst is typically detected by ultrasound and does not require surgery unless complications arise.

2334. All of the following statements about functional ovarian cysts are true EXCEPT:

A. They can be cystic or solid.

B. They are considered functional when the diameter is < 5 cm.

C. They usually disappear after a few menstrual cycles or with the use of oral contraceptives.

D. The primary management is observation.

Answer: A. They can be cystic or solid.

Additional Information:

• Functional ovarian cyst: This type of cyst is non-neoplastic and typically disappears after a few menstrual cycles.

• Functional cyst: It usually has a cystic appearance, filled with clear fluid, and lacks septations.

2335. Ovarian cysts need to be differentiated from:

A. Urinary bladder distension.

B. Hydrosalpinx.

C. Subserosal fibroid with pedicle.

D. Ascites.

Answer: A, B, C, D. All of the above are correct.

Additional Information:

• Urinary bladder distension: Ovarian cysts can compress the bladder, causing frequent urination, urinary urgency, and difficulty urinating.

• Hydrosalpinx: Ovarian cysts can compress the fallopian tubes, causing pelvic pain and abnormal bleeding.

• Subserosal fibroid with pedicle: Ovarian cysts can be mistaken for subserosal fibroids with a pedicle because both can cause pelvic pain and menstrual irregularities.

• Ascites: Ovarian cysts can compress the inferior vena cava, leading to ascites.

2336. Choose one correct statement about the following ovarian cysts:

A. Serous cystadenoma is usually much larger than other cysts.

B. Dermoid cysts are most prone to torsion.

C. Solid ovarian tumors are always malignant.

D. It is always easy to differentiate ovarian cysts from uterine tumors clinically.

Answer: B. Dermoid cysts are most prone to torsion.

Additional Information:

• Dermoid cyst: This type of cyst contains structures resembling skin, hair, teeth,… and is most prone to torsion due to its long and slender stalk.

• Serous cyst: This cyst is filled with clear fluid and is often large.

• Solid ovarian tumor: This type of tumor can be either benign or malignant and requires accurate diagnosis.

• Differentiating ovarian cysts from uterine tumors: It is not always easy to differentiate ovarian cysts from uterine tumors clinically, and imaging methods are needed to accurately identify the location and nature of the tumor.

2337. The specific sign of ovarian cyst torsion is:

A. Tachycardia.

B. Hypotension.

C. Vomiting.

D. Sudden, severe lower abdominal pain.

Answer: D. Sudden, severe lower abdominal pain.

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cyst torsion: This complication occurs when the cyst twists, obstructing blood flow and causing necrosis.

• Symptoms: Sudden, severe lower abdominal pain is a characteristic symptom of ovarian cyst torsion. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sweating, and fever.

2338. Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with an ovarian cyst?

A. Lower abdominal pain.

B. Gradual abdominal enlargement.

C. Urinary tract problems (difficulty urinating, urgency, frequent urination).

D. Amenorrhea.

Answer: D. Amenorrhea.

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cyst: It can cause symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, gradual abdominal enlargement, urinary tract problems, and menstrual irregularities (heavy periods, abnormal bleeding, missed periods).

• Amenorrhea: Amenorrhea is usually caused by other factors like menopause, premature ovarian failure, or other medical conditions.

2339. What is the prevalence of ovarian cysts in women of reproductive age and postmenopausal women?

A. About 20% of women of reproductive age, 5% after menopause.

B. About 20% of women of reproductive age, < 1% after menopause.

C. About 30% of women of reproductive age, 5% after menopause.

D. About 30% of women of reproductive age, < 1% after menopause.

Answer: A. About 20% of women of reproductive age, 5% after menopause.

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cysts: This is a common condition in women, especially during their reproductive years.

2340. What is the incidence of ovarian cancer in solid ovarian tumors?

A. < 1% of solid tumors diagnosed before menopause, 15% diagnosed after menopause.

B. 5% of solid tumors diagnosed before menopause, 15% diagnosed after menopause.

C. < 1% of solid tumors diagnosed before menopause, 25% diagnosed after menopause.

D. 5% of solid tumors diagnosed before menopause, 25% diagnosed after menopause.

Answer: B. 5% of solid tumors diagnosed before menopause, 15% diagnosed after menopause.

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cancer: The risk of ovarian cancer increases in postmenopausal women.

2341. How long and with what percentage do functional ovarian cysts disappear?

A. 70% within 6 weeks, 100% within 3 months.

B. 70% within 6 weeks, 90% within 3 months.

C. 30% within 6 weeks, 90% within 3 months.

D. 70% within 6 weeks, 100% within 3 months.

Answer: B. 70% within 6 weeks, 90% within 3 months.

Additional Information:

• Functional ovarian cyst: These cysts typically disappear after a few menstrual cycles.

2342. Functional ovarian cysts have the following symptoms EXCEPT:

A. Presence of a physical lesion on the ovary.

B. Absence of a physical lesion on the ovary.

C. Small size < 5 cm.

D. Can spontaneously resolve.

Answer: A. Presence of a physical lesion on the ovary.

Additional Information:

• Functional ovarian cyst: These cysts are non-neoplastic, lacking a physical lesion on the ovary.

2343. Solid ovarian cysts can:

A. Only exist on the day of ovulation.

B. Only exist a few days before menstruation.

C. Only exist a few days after menstruation.

D. Exist for a long time and not spontaneously resolve.

Answer: D. Exist for a long time and not spontaneously resolve.

Additional Information:

• Solid ovarian cyst: These cysts have a physical lesion on the ovary and often don’t disappear spontaneously, potentially developing into cancer.

2344. Choose one correct statement about ovarian cysts:

A. Serous cystadenoma is usually much larger than other cysts.

B. Dermoid cysts are most prone to torsion.

C. Solid ovarian tumors are always malignant.

D. Clinically, it is easy to differentiate ovarian cysts from uterine tumors.

Answer: B. Dermoid cysts are most prone to torsion.

Additional Information:

• Dermoid cyst: These cysts contain skin-like structures, hair, teeth,… and are prone to torsion due to their long and slender stalk.

2345. Ovarian tumors causing menstrual irregularities are usually due to:

A. Serous cyst.

B. Mucinous cyst.

C. Dermoid cyst.

D. Endocrine cyst.

Answer: D. Endocrine cyst.

Additional Information:

• Endocrine cyst: These cysts can secrete hormones causing menstrual irregularities, such as estrogen and progesterone.

2346. Commonly used tests for diagnosing ovarian cysts EXCEPT:

A. Ultrasound.

B. Hysterosalpingography.

C. Biopsy.

D. Plain abdominal radiography.

Answer: C. Biopsy.

Additional Information:

• Biopsy: An ovarian cyst biopsy is usually performed after diagnosing the cyst with imaging methods to determine its nature (benign or malignant).

2347. Plain abdominal radiography can detect:

A. Serous cyst.

B. Mucinous cyst.

C. Dermoid cyst.

D. All three types of cysts.

Answer: C. Dermoid cyst.

Additional Information:

• Plain abdominal radiography: This imaging method can detect dermoid cysts due to the presence of calcifications within these cysts.

2348. The prevalence of mucinous ovarian cysts is:

A. About 60%.

B. About 30%.

C. About 10%.

D. About 1%.

Answer: A. About 60%.

Additional Information:

• Mucinous cyst: This is the most common type of ovarian cyst.

2349. During pregnancy, ovarian cysts can cause the following symptoms EXCEPT:

A. Fetal growth restriction.

B. Abnormal fetal presentation.

C. Ovarian tumor previa.

D. Premature rupture of membranes.

Answer: D. Premature rupture of membranes.

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cyst during pregnancy: It can cause complications such as fetal growth restriction, abnormal fetal presentation, and ovarian tumor previa.

2350. To identify ovarian cysts, medical professionals should advise their patients:

A. If experiencing abdominal pain, seek immediate medical attention.

B. Get regular gynecological checkups.

C. Seek medical attention if experiencing difficulty urinating or defecating.

D. Seek immediate medical attention if experiencing lower abdominal heaviness.

Answer: B. Get regular gynecological checkups.

Additional Information:

• Regular gynecological checkups: These checkups are essential for early detection of ovarian cysts and other gynecological conditions.

2351. A pregnant patient in her 3rd month of pregnancy is diagnosed with ovarian cyst torsion. The appropriate management for this patient is:

A. Pain management, pregnancy support.

B. Pain management, continued observation.

C. Prepare for emergency surgery.

D. Terminate the pregnancy before surgery.

Answer: C. Prepare for emergency surgery.

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cyst torsion: This complication can lead to cyst necrosis and requires emergency surgery.

2352. A patient is diagnosed with a solid ovarian tumor. The doctor’s advice to the patient is:

A. Rest, avoid strenuous activities, and seek immediate medical attention if experiencing abdominal pain.

B. Explain that surgery is only necessary if the tumor is large and affects health.

C. Explain that surgery is only necessary when complications arise.

D. Explain that early surgery is recommended.

Answer: D. Explain that early surgery is recommended.

Additional Information:

• Solid ovarian tumor: These tumors can cause complications like torsion, rupture, and malignant transformation. Early surgery is recommended to prevent complications.

2353. Ovarian cysts are common in which age group?

A. Childhood.

B. Reproductive age.

C. Menopause.

D. Adolescence.

Answer: B. Reproductive age.

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cysts: These cysts are prevalent in women during their reproductive years.

2354. A 28-year-old patient with a 5-year-old child is diagnosed with a solid ovarian tumor measuring 8 x 7 cm. The correct management is:

A. Monitor for 3 months, and perform surgery if the tumor grows.

B. Advise the patient to have another child before surgery.

C. Admit the patient for a comprehensive examination and schedule surgery.

D. Treat medically or with herbal remedies; if ineffective, perform surgery to remove the tumor.

Answer: C. Admit the patient for a comprehensive examination and schedule surgery.

Additional Information:

• Solid ovarian tumor: Early surgery is recommended to prevent complications.

2355. The type of ovarian cyst commonly found in patients with molar pregnancy is:

A. Follicular cyst.

B. Corpus luteum cyst.

C. Theca-lutein cyst.

D. Serous cyst.

Answer: C. Theca-lutein cyst.

Additional Information:

• Theca-lutein cyst: These cysts are often associated with molar pregnancy.

2356. The most common complication of a solid ovarian cyst is:

A. Infection.

B. Cyst rupture.

C. Hemorrhage inside the cyst.

D. Torsion.

Answer: D. Torsion.

Additional Information:

• Torsion: This complication occurs when the cyst twists, obstructing blood flow and causing necrosis.

2357. The characteristic of a functional ovarian cyst is:

A. Arising from ovarian infection.

B. Lack of a physical lesion on the ovary.

C. Causing ovarian dysfunction.

D. Gradual progression.

Answer: B. Lack of a physical lesion on the ovary.

Additional Information:

• Functional ovarian cyst: These cysts are non-neoplastic and lack a physical lesion on the ovary.

2358. The type of corpus luteum cyst commonly found in women with:

A. Missed miscarriage.

B. Multiple pregnancies.

C. Ectopic pregnancy.

D. Molar pregnancy.

Answer: B. Multiple pregnancies.

Additional Information:

• Corpus luteum cyst: These cysts are often found in pregnant women, especially those with multiple pregnancies.

2359. All of the following statements about solid ovarian cysts are true EXCEPT:

A. There is a physical lesion on the ovary.

B. They progress rapidly.

C. They do not spontaneously resolve.

D. They can become malignant.

Answer: B. They progress rapidly.

Additional Information:

• Solid ovarian cyst: These cysts can progress slowly or rapidly, depending on the type of cyst and the patient’s condition.

2360. Which component is NOT present in the contents of a dermoid ovarian cyst?

A. Hair.

B. Teeth.

C. Sebaceous material.

D. Sweat glands.

Answer: D. Sweat glands.

Additional Information:

• Dermoid cyst: These cysts contain structures resembling skin, hair, teeth,… but lack sweat glands.

2361. The characteristics of the functional symptoms of a small ovarian cyst are:

A. Often causing menstrual irregularities.

B. Variable symptoms.

C. Minimal symptoms.

D. Borrowing symptoms from other organs.

Answer: C. Minimal symptoms.

Additional Information:

• Small ovarian cyst: These cysts usually don’t cause noticeable symptoms.

2362. Which clinical examination is most valuable for diagnosing an ovarian cyst?

A. Visual inspection and palpation of the abdomen.

B. Palpation of the abdomen and medical history.

C. Vaginal examination and palpation of the abdomen.

D. Vaginal examination and medical history.

Answer: C. Vaginal examination and palpation of the abdomen.

Additional Information:

• Clinical examination: This helps to identify the tumor’s location, size, and mobility.

2363. Which paraclinical examination is most valuable for diagnosing an ovarian cyst?

A. Plain abdominal radiography.

B. Hysterosalpingography.

C. Ultrasound.

D. Vaginal cytology.

Answer: C. Ultrasound.

Additional Information:

• Ultrasound: This imaging method is most valuable in diagnosing ovarian cysts, helping to determine the tumor’s size, shape, and structure.

2364. Functional ovarian cysts have the following symptoms EXCEPT:

A. Presence of a physical lesion on the ovary.

B. Absence of a physical lesion on the ovary.

C. Small size < 5 cm.

D. Can spontaneously resolve.

Answer: A. Presence of a physical lesion on the ovary.

Additional Information:

• Functional ovarian cyst: These cysts are non-neoplastic, lacking a physical lesion on the ovary.

2365. Ovarian cysts can be mistaken for:

A. Appendiceal abscess.

B. Enlarged spleen grade 4.

C. Uterus didelphys.

D. Urinary bladder distension.

Answer: A. Appendiceal abscess.

Additional Information:

• Appendiceal abscess: This condition can cause lower abdominal pain similar to ovarian cysts.

2366. The effects of ovarian cysts on pregnancy include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Infertility.

B. Ovarian tumor previa.

C. Placental abruption.

D. Miscarriage.

Answer: C. Placental abruption.

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cysts during pregnancy: These cysts can cause complications such as infertility, ovarian tumor previa, and miscarriage.

2367. Ovarian cysts need to be differentiated from all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Hydronephrosis.

B. Pedunculated uterine fibroid.

C. Urinary bladder distension.

D. Multiple pregnancies, polyhydramnios.

Answer: D. Multiple pregnancies, polyhydramnios.

Additional Information:

• Multiple pregnancies, polyhydramnios: These conditions don’t require differentiation from ovarian cysts.

2368. All of the following factors suggest the possibility of malignant ovarian tumors EXCEPT:

A. Bilateral tumors.

B. Tumors appearing after menopause.

C. Tumors with multiple papillary projections inside or outside the cyst wall.

D. Tumors > 20 cm in size.

Answer: A. Bilateral tumors.

Additional Information:

• Malignant ovarian tumor: These tumors are often found in postmenopausal women, have a large size, and exhibit multiple papillary projections within or outside the cyst wall.

2369. Which of the following characteristics is NOT typical of a functional ovarian cyst?

A. Size < 6 cm.

B. Filled with clear fluid.

C. Thick wall.

D. Can spontaneously resolve.

Answer: C. Thick wall.

Additional Information:

• Functional ovarian cyst: These cysts usually have a thin wall, are filled with clear fluid, and can resolve spontaneously.

2370. Which of the following ovarian cysts is NOT considered functional?

A. Follicular cyst.

B. Corpus luteum cyst.

C. Theca-lutein cyst.

D. Endometrioma.

Answer: D. Endometrioma.

Additional Information:

• Endometrioma: This is a solid cyst and can cause complications.

2371. In differentiating a large ovarian cyst extending to the abdomen, which of the following conditions is NOT appropriate?

A. Uterus with pregnancy over 2 months.

B. Ascites.

C. Mesenteric tumor.

D. Unruptured ectopic pregnancy.

Answer: D. Unruptured ectopic pregnancy.

Additional Information:

• Unruptured ectopic pregnancy: This condition usually doesn’t cause abdominal distension.

2372. If a small ovarian cyst is located in the pelvis, which of the following conditions doesn’t need differentiation?

A. Hydrosalpinx.

B. Normally positioned kidney with hydronephrosis.

C. Unruptured ectopic pregnancy.

D. Subserosal uterine fibroid.

Answer: B. Normally positioned kidney with hydronephrosis.

Additional Information:

• Normally positioned kidney with hydronephrosis: This doesn’t need differentiation from a small pelvic ovarian cyst.

2373. The most dangerous complication of an ovarian cyst in a pregnant patient is:

A. Torsion.

B. Rupture.

C. Malignant transformation.

D. Cyst compression in the pelvis.

Answer: C. Malignant transformation.

Additional Information:

• Malignant transformation: This is the most dangerous complication of ovarian cysts and can be fatal.

2374. In a pregnant patient with a functional ovarian cyst, the cyst usually disappears by which gestational week?

A. 8.

B. 12.

C. 16.

D. 18.

Answer: D. 18.

Additional Information:

• Functional ovarian cyst during pregnancy: These cysts typically resolve by about 18 weeks of gestation.

2375. The primary risk associated with ovarian cysts in pregnancy is:

A. Risk for the mother only.

B. Risk for the baby.

C. Greater risk for the mother than the baby.

D. Greater risk for the baby than the mother.

Answer: C. Greater risk for the mother than the baby.

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cyst during pregnancy: These cysts can cause complications for the mother, such as torsion, rupture, and malignant transformation.

2376. The best anesthesia method for ovarian cyst surgery in a pregnant patient is:

A. Spinal anesthesia.

B. Epidural anesthesia.

C. General anesthesia.

D. Local anesthesia.

Answer: C. General anesthesia.

Additional Information:

• General anesthesia: This is the safest anesthesia method for pregnant patients.

2377. Postoperative care and monitoring for a pregnant patient who underwent ovarian cyst removal surgery is:

A. Using painkillers and antispasmodics.

B. Monitoring fetal heart rate.

C. Reviewing pathology reports for further management.

D. All of the above steps must be performed as standard practice.

Answer: D. All of the above steps must be performed as standard practice.

Additional Information:

• Postoperative care and monitoring: This includes using painkillers, antispasmodics, monitoring fetal heart rate, and reviewing pathology reports for further management.

2378. The most common complication after ovarian cyst removal surgery in a pregnant patient is:

A. Miscarriage and preterm labor.

B. Wound infection and bleeding.

C. Fallopian tube adhesion.

D. Uterine rupture due to surgical manipulation.

Answer: A. Miscarriage and preterm labor.

Additional Information:

• Complications after ovarian cyst surgery: These can include miscarriage, preterm labor, wound infection, bleeding, fallopian tube adhesion, and uterine rupture.

2379. Ovarian cyst rupture can cause pseudomyxoma peritonei, which occurs in cases of:

A. Dermoid cyst.

B. Mucinous cyst.

C. Serous cyst.

D. Endometrioma.

Answer: B. Mucinous cyst.

Additional Information:

• Mucinous cyst: When ruptured, these cysts can release mucinous fluid causing pseudomyxoma peritonei, an inflammatory reaction of the peritoneum.

2380. Mark X for the correct statements below:

A. Functional ovarian cysts exist permanently. X

B. Follicular cysts are functional cysts. X

C. Dermoid cysts are functional cysts. X

D. Corpus luteum cysts are functional cysts. X

E. Dermoid cysts are the most prone to torsion. X

F. Serous cysts are the most prone to malignant transformation. X

G. Mucinous cysts are the largest cysts. X

H. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a risk factor for infertility. X

Answers:

A. False

B. True

C. False

D. True

E. True

F. True

G. True

H. True

2381. Dermoid ovarian cysts have the highest risk of malignant transformation:

A. True.

B. False.

Answer: B. False.

Additional Information:

• Dermoid cyst: These cysts are less likely to become malignant.

2382. In young patients with benign tumors, it is recommended to remove the cyst:

A. True.

B. False.

Answer: B. False.

Additional Information:

• Benign ovarian cyst in young patients: These cysts are usually monitored and surgery is only performed if complications arise.

2383. When performing surgery for ovarian cyst torsion, detorsion should be performed before excision:

A. True.

B. False.

Answer: B. False.

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cyst torsion: The cyst should be removed surgically, and detorsion is not recommended before excision.

2384. Ovarian cysts can occur at any age:

A. True.

B. False.

Answer: A. True.

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cysts: These cysts can occur at any age, but they are most common in women during their reproductive years.

2385. A full urinary bladder can be mistaken for an ovarian cyst:

A. True.

B. False.

Answer: A. True.

Additional Information:

• Full urinary bladder: This can cause pressure in the pelvis, resulting in lower abdominal pain, similar to ovarian cysts.

2386. Ovarian cyst torsion can present with the following functional symptoms:

A. Severe lower abdominal pain. √

B. Nausea and vomiting. √

C. Frequent, loose stools. √

D. Fever and infection. √

E. Abnormal vaginal bleeding. √

Answers:

A. True

B. True

C. False

D. False

E. False

Additional Information:

• Ovarian cyst torsion: Common symptoms include severe lower abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

2387. Which of the following examinations is useful in diagnosing an ovarian cyst?

A. Hysterosalpingography. √

B. Ultrasound of the pelvis and lower abdomen. √

C. Urinalysis. √

D. Blood tests. √

E. Laparoscopy. √

Answers:

A. True

B. True

C. False