Obstetric Knowledge – Gynecological Exploration

Obstetric Knowledge – Gynecological Exploration

Fetus and Ultrasound:

• Fetal image becomes clearly visible on ultrasound from 7 weeks of amenorrhea (Question 601).

• Fetal heartbeat can be seen on ultrasound from 7 weeks of amenorrhea (Question 602).

• The average growth rate of the fetal biparietal diameter before the 30th week is 4 mm per week (Question 603).

• When the fetal biparietal diameter is measured at 110 mm or more for a full-term fetus, it may suggest hydrocephalus (Question 604).

Fetal Health Check:

• The purpose of a non-stress test is to predict the risk of fetal distress (Question 605).

• One of the criteria for a normal non-stress test is an increase in fetal heart rate after fetal movement (Question 606).

• Amniocentesis is indicated for post-term pregnancies and helps obtain fetal scalp blood for diagnosis of fetal distress (Question 607).

• When staining amniotic fluid using the Brosen and Gordon technique, a mature fetus will have an orange cell ratio of >10% (Question 608).

Ectopic Pregnancy:

• In 50% of ectopic pregnancies, hCG levels are usually below < 800 UI/l (Question 609).

Other Information:

• The gestational sac can be seen on ultrasound from the 4th week of amenorrhea (Question 610).

• The baseline fetal heart rate is 120-160 beats/min (Question 611).

• The normal intrinsic variability of the fetal heart is 10-25 beats (Question 612).

• Fetal bradycardia is defined as < 120 beats/min (Question 613).

• Fetal tachycardia is defined as > 160 beats/min (Question 614).

• Amniocentesis should only be performed at 37 weeks of gestation (Question 615).

• The best location for amniocentesis in the early stages is puncture through the uterine body where the placenta is thin (Question 616).

• The most common complication of amniocentesis is bleeding and hematoma in the muscles and placenta (Question 617).

• Amniocentesis is indicated in the following cases, except premature rupture of membranes (Question 618).

• In case of Rh blood group incompatibility, the amniotic fluid is yellow (Question 619).

• The causes of fetal bradycardia, except maternal anemia (Question 620).

• The size of the gestational sac when the fetus is 5 weeks old is 10 mm (Question 621).

• Contraindications for hysteroscopy: Confirmed pregnancy (Question 622).

True/False:

• Yellow amniotic fluid indicates recent meconium passage: False (Question 623).

• HCG can be quantified about 10 days after ovulation: True (Question 624).

• Monitoring the increase in hCG levels will confirm the implantation site of the fetus: False (Question 625).

• Baseline Variability (BV) type 0: when the variability is below 5 beats/minute. This type of variability is a prognostic factor for fetal distress (but needs to be differentiated from the case of a sleeping fetus): True (Question 626).

• Bradycardia: defined as FHR below 120 beats/minute, or a decrease of more than 30 beats compared to the normal FHR and lasting for more than 10 minutes: True (Question 627).

• Early deceleration: when the lowest point of the fetal heart rate tracing occurs differently from the time of the highest point of the uterine contraction: False (Question 628).

• In normal labor, uterine contractions occur every 3-5 minutes and last 30-60 seconds, with an intensity of 50-75 mmHg: True (Question 629).

Fill in the blanks:

• Diagnosis of live or dead fetus/intrauterine or extrauterine pregnancy/singleton or multiple pregnancy/gestational age (Question 630).

• Color (Question 631).

• Hormones (Question 632).

• Fetal heart rate (Question 633).

• Amniotic fluid index (Question 634).

• Fetal heart rate/uterine contractions (Question 635).

• 120-160 beats/minute; 140 beats/minute (Question 636).

• Low down to the lower segment (Question 637).

• Placenta/umbilical cord/amniotic fluid volume (Question 638).

• Type 0/1/2/3 variability (Question 639).

• Labor (Question 640).

• 10 (Question 641).

• 3 (Question 642).

• 25 mm (Question 643).

• Week 16 – 20 (Question 644).

• No increase in fetal heart rate after fetal movement (Question 645).

• A. Non-stress test has no contraindications. (Question 646).

• ?? (Question 647).

• C. Crown-rump length (CRL). (Question 648).

• C. Cephalic presentation. (Question 649).

• B. Detect fetal malformation. (Question 650).

• C. Vagal nerve stimulation. (Question 651).

• D. When the pregnancy is over 1 month. (Question 652).

• D. After sexual intercourse. (Question 653).

• D. Taken in the second half of the menstrual cycle. (Question 654).

• True (Question 655).

• True (Question 656).

• Lowest point/highest point (Question 657).

• Vaginal infection/placenta previa/intrauterine fetal death/breech presentation (Question 658).

• Amniocentesis/cordocentesis/chorionic villus sampling (Question 659).

• Early pregnancy diagnosis/prediction of miscarriage/ectopic pregnancy/diagnosis and monitoring of trophoblastic disease (Question 660).

• Spina bifida/chromosomal abnormalities (Question 661).

• Ectopic pregnancy/molar pregnancy/missed abortion/miscarriage, abruption (Question 662).

• D. Heart defects (Question 663).

• C. Mother with heart disease (Question 664).

Note: Question 647 needs additional information to determine the answer.