Infectious Disease Knowledge Compilation

Infectious Disease Knowledge Compilation

I. Tuberculosis

• Early symptoms of tuberculosis: Muscle aches.

• Tuberculosis prevention medication: Isoniazid.

• Common side effects of Isoniazid: Blood disorders (aplastic anemia…), mental disorders (seizures), joint pain, pimples, rashes,…

• Which vitamin to use to reduce hepatitis when taking Isoniazid: Vitamin B6.

• Tuberculosis screening test: Mantoux.

• Symptoms of early-stage tuberculosis: Evening fever, fatigue, coughing up blood.

• People at risk of tuberculosis infection: HIV/AIDS, children and pregnant women.

II. Syphilis

• Early symptoms of congenital syphilis: Similar to stage II syphilis in adults.

• When is syphilis transmitted from mother to child? Between weeks 16-28.

• Late symptoms of congenital syphilis: Deafness, bilateral knee effusion (Clutton’s joint disease).

• Sequelae of congenital syphilis: Hutchinson’s teeth, saddle nose, saber shins.

• Treatment for congenital syphilis: Benzylpenicillin for 10-14 days.

• What antibiotic to use for syphilis if penicillin allergy: Erythromycin.

III. Tetanus

• Early symptoms of tetanus: Lockjaw, difficulty swallowing, muscle spasms in the neck.

• Tetanus treatment medications: Metronidazole, SAT serum, sedatives.

• Priority care for hospitalized tetanus patients: Respiratory.

• Do tetanus patients have immunity after complete recovery? No immunity.

IV. Hepatitis

• Early symptoms of hepatitis A: Digestive disorders, dark urine, yellow eyes but no jaundice.

• Incubation period of hepatitis A: 15-45 days.

• Incubation period of hepatitis C: 15 – 160 days.

V. Dysentery

• Name of dysentery: Shigella.

• Family of dysentery: Enterobacteriaceae.

• Serious complications of dysentery: Intestinal perforation, rectal prolapse,…

• Symptoms of the full-blown stage of bacillary dysentery: Loose, watery stool like rice water, fishy odor.

• What are the characteristics of the early stage of bacillary dysentery: 1-3 days.

• Typical symptom of the full-blown stage of bacillary dysentery: Diarrhea.

• Number of diarrhea episodes with dysentery: 20-40 days.

VI. Cholera

• Cholera incubation period: 1-4 days.

• Characteristics of vomiting in cholera: Severe, continuous vomiting.

• Treatment for grade 1 diarrhea: Oresol + antibiotics.

• Diagnosis of dehydration based on: Thirst, sunken eyes, skin tenting.

• Recommendation for cholera quarantine by the Ministry of Health after how many days: 5 days.

• Principles of cholera treatment: Isolation, antibiotics, electrolyte replacement.

• Cholera discharge criteria: No diarrhea, negative test results 3 times.

VII. Influenza

• Symptoms of influenza with upper respiratory tract involvement: Sneezing, runny nose, dry cough, hoarseness,…

• Early stage of influenza: Sudden high fever of 39-40 degrees Celsius, may be accompanied by chills/shivering, headache, body aches, fatigue. Short cough, no phlegm.

• Typical symptoms of the full-blown stage of influenza: Pain, infection, respiratory.

• Does primary pneumonia after influenza occur quickly? Yes.

• Dosage of Tamiflu for people over 35 kg: 60 mg.

• Signs that are not associated with dengue fever onset: Fever.

VIII. Dengue Fever

• Virus causing dengue fever: Dengue virus.

• Warning signs of dengue fever: Restlessness, lethargy, stupor.

• Diagnosis of dengue fever: Dengue antigen detection test.

• At what stage are dengue fever patients hospitalized? Onset.

• What fluids are administered to dengue fever patients? 0.9% NaCl.

IX. HIV

• How many stages does HIV have: 3 stages.

• Using condoms is the best way to prevent HIV through sexual transmission: True.

• Main mode of HIV transmission in Vietnam: Injecting drug use.

• Purpose of ARV treatment: Restoration of immune function.

• First-line ARV regimen: ZDV/TDF + 3TC + EFV/NVP.

• When to do HIV testing: 2-3 months after exposure.

• How to manage HIV GDSK: Take the correct dosage, take it at a specific time.

X. Scabies

• Characteristics of scabies mites: 400 micrometers long, 20-day life cycle, living between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum, dying after 3-4 days outside the host.

• Characteristics of scabies males: Die immediately after mating.

• Scientific name of scabies mites: Sarcoptes Scabiei.

XI. Other Infectious Diseases

• Agents causing sexually transmitted diseases: Chlamydia, Neisseria, Treponema.

• Agents causing diarrhea in children: Rotavirus.

• How to prevent influenza A: Wear an N95 mask.

• Agents causing gastrointestinal infections: Bacteria, viruses, parasites.

• Age group most susceptible to gastrointestinal infections: 1-5 years old.

• Average incubation period of bacteria in gastrointestinal infections: 1-3 days.

• Principles of SARS treatment: Hospitalization and complete isolation.

• Consequences of lower respiratory tract infection: Pneumonia.

• How many phases does SARS have: 3 phases.

• Respiratory failure belongs to which phase of SARS: 3 phases.

• Which TB produces antibodies: Lympho B.

• Which vaccines are injected intramuscularly: BH-HG-UV.

• What is injected into the body when receiving vaccines: Antigens.

• What is injected into the body with SAT in tetanus: Antibodies.

XII. Important Concepts to Remember

• Immunity: The body’s ability to resist disease.

• Antigen: A foreign substance that enters the body and stimulates antibody production.

• Antibody: A protein produced by the body to fight against antigens.

• Infection: The invasion and development of bacteria in the body.

• Infectious disease: A disease caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that can spread from person to person or from animals to humans.

Note: These are basic concepts about infectious diseases. To understand each specific disease better, you should refer to additional specialized literature.