Face, Brow, Transverse Presentation – Essential Knowledge

Face, Brow, Transverse Presentation – Essential Knowledge

Face Presentation:

• A type of vertex presentation, where the head is at the bottom and tilted as far back as possible.

• Can be primary or secondary due to poor chin flexion.

• Fetal goiter could be a cause of face presentation.

• Less common than breech presentation.

• The diameter of the face presentation is the mentum-bregma.

• Full-term pregnancy, face presentation, chin posterior, ruptured membranes: Cesarean section is recommended.

• The chin posterior position cannot be delivered vaginally.

• In face presentation, the perineum is often extensively torn due to the suboccipito-mental diameter being the last to be delivered.

Brow Presentation:

• The presentation where the forehead is presenting in front of the superior pelvic strait.

• Full-term pregnancy, brow presentation, intact membranes, cervix dilated 3-4 cm: Cesarean section is recommended.

• Brow presentation can be mistaken for face presentation and vertex presentation.

Transverse Presentation:

• Shoulder presentation is where the axis of the fetus is perpendicular to the axis of the uterus.

• Causes of transverse presentation can include: Uterine malformations, Uterus of multiparous women, Post-term pregnancy, Placenta previa, Placental abruption.

• Transverse presentation during the second trimester: No specific treatment is needed, just continued pregnancy monitoring.

• Choose the correct statement for the indication of internal version in transverse presentation: The second fetus in a twin pregnancy.

Additional Information:

• Vertex presentation can become vertex presentation if it flexes better.

• Abnormal presentations can be managed at facilities equipped with surgical capabilities.

Note: This article is intended for general information purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult your doctor for an appropriate diagnosis and treatment.