Chapter 12: Cellular Energy

Chapter 12: Cellular Energy

12.1 Glycolysis:

• Introduction to glycolysis, a process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate.

• The main steps in glycolysis and the chemical reactions involved.

• The final products of glycolysis: pyruvate, ATP, and NADH.

• The role of glycolysis in providing energy for the cell.

12.2 Mitochondria and the Citric Acid Cycle:

• Introduction to mitochondria and its role in cellular respiration.

• The citric acid cycle: the Krebs cycle, where pyruvate is completely oxidized to CO2.

• The products of the citric acid cycle: ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

• The role of the citric acid cycle in generating energy for the cell.

12.3 Electron Transport Chain:

• The process of electron transfer along the electron transport chain.

• The proteins and molecules involved in the electron transport chain.

• The role of the electron transport chain in generating a proton gradient.

12.3 Proton Motive Force Generation:

• How the proton gradient is generated by the electron transport chain.

• The role of the proton gradient in providing energy for ATP synthesis.

12.4 ATP Synthesis by Proton Motive Force:

• ATP synthase and its mechanism of action.

• The process of ATP synthesis using energy from the proton gradient.

• The role of ATP in providing energy for the life processes of the cell.

12.5 Photosynthesis:

• Introduction to photosynthesis, a process that converts light energy into chemical energy.

• The light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis.

• The role of photosynthesis in producing energy for plants and autotrophs.

12.6 CO2 Metabolism in Photosynthesis:

• The Calvin-Benson cycle, where CO2 is converted into glucose.

• The enzymes and molecules involved in the Calvin-Benson cycle.

• The role of the Calvin-Benson cycle in carbon fixation and glucose production.