Bone Tissue: Structure and Function

Bone Tissue: Structure and Function

Bone tissue is a specialized type of connective tissue, characterized by its calcification and lamellar structure.

Structure:

• Components: Bone tissue consists of cells, matrix, and connective fibers, with the matrix being the predominant component.

• Structural unit: Lamellae are the structural units of bone tissue, comprising bone cells and bone matrix.

• Bone cells:

• Osteoblasts: These are square, oval, or pyramid-shaped cells with a round nucleus, alkaline cytoplasm (containing numerous granular endoplasmic reticulum) and a light purple stain.

• Osteoblast function:

• Regulate bone growth and resorption.

• Produce the organic component of bone matrix (non-calcified).

• Participate in calcification and calcification inhibition.

• Modulate bone resorption by secreting prostaglandins.

• Origin of osteoblasts: From undifferentiated mesenchymal cells (osteoprogenitor cells).

Chemical composition:

• Bone tissue contains approximately 30% organic matter (mainly collagen and glycosaminoglycans) and 70% inorganic matter (primarily calcium salts).

• The combination of organic and inorganic matter contributes to the strength and hardness of bone.

Function:

• Body support: Provides a skeletal framework for the body, helping maintain body shape and posture.

• Organ protection: Protects vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.

• Movement: Serves as attachment points for muscles, enabling body movement.

• Mineral storage: Bones store minerals, primarily calcium, which helps maintain mineral balance in the body.

• Blood cell production: Bones contain bone marrow, the site of blood cell production.

Conclusion:

Bone tissue plays a crucial role in the human body, ensuring its function and survival.