Mercury (Hg) Mercury (Hg) 1. Properties: Mercury is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal at room temperature. It is also highly volatile, meaning it easily evaporates into the air. Mercury has no taste or smell and is insoluble in water, but it dissolves in nitric acid. It is a highly toxic element that can accumulate in…
Menstrual Cycle: Physiology and Disorders Menstrual Cycle: Physiology and Disorders Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as a substitute for professional medical advice. I. Menstrual Cycle Physiology: The menstrual cycle is a monthly process in women of reproductive age that involves the shedding of the uterine lining, resulting…
Medicinal Plants: Basic Knowledge and Precautions Medicinal Plants: Basic Knowledge and Precautions This article provides basic knowledge about medicinal plants, including their structure, characteristics and some additional information. Note: This article is for informational purposes only. To use herbs safely and effectively, consult a healthcare professional. 1. Plant Structure: Root: Primary structure: Root hair layer,…
Lesson 12: Sex-linked Inheritance and Extra-nuclear Inheritance Lesson 12: Sex-linked Inheritance and Extra-nuclear Inheritance I. Sex-linked Inheritance 1. Definition Sex-linked inheritance refers to the inheritance pattern where genes responsible for a trait are located on sex chromosomes. Consequently, the expression of the trait depends on the sex of the individual. 2. Sex Chromosome Types XX…
LEC 5: PHARMACOVIGILANCE LEC 5: PHARMACOVIGILANCE 1. General Introduction Pharmacovigilance is a crucial activity within the healthcare system, focused on ensuring the safety of drug users. This activity centers around monitoring, evaluating, understanding, and preventing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to enhance treatment efficacy and patient well-being. 2. Four Core Tasks of Pharmacovigilance: Detection (of adverse…
LEC 10: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS LEC 10: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS I. 4 Principles of Medical Ethics: These are the fundamental principles in medical ethics, guiding the actions of healthcare professionals: 1. Respect for Patient Autonomy: Means: Patients have the right to make their own decisions regarding their health, including the right…
Labor: Detailed Guide and Notes Labor: Detailed Guide and Notes I. Introduction Labor is the process a pregnant woman goes through to deliver her baby. This process is usually divided into 3 stages: Stage 1: Cervical dilation Stage 2: Pushing Stage 3: Placental delivery II. Induction of Labor Oxytocin: Contraindications: Acute fetal distress Absolute cephalopelvic…
Labor and Delivery Prognosis Labor and Delivery Prognosis 1. Definition: Labor and delivery prognosis is the process of predicting and evaluating the potential course of labor based on factors related to the mother, the fetus, and the pelvis. A favorable prognosis helps physicians create an appropriate care plan, minimizing potential complications and ensuring the safety…
Introduction to Pharmacokinetics Introduction to Pharmacokinetics 1. What is Pharmacokinetics? Pharmacokinetics is the study of the movement of drugs within the body, encompassing the following processes: Absorption: The process by which a drug enters the body from its site of administration. Distribution: The process by which a drug is transported from the bloodstream to various…
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) 1. Definition: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a condition where the pressure inside the skull rises above normal levels, typically exceeding 20 mmHg/ cmH2O. Normal intracranial pressure ranges from 5 to 15 mmHg. 2. Mechanism of Increased Intracranial Pressure: The skull is a closed cavity containing the…