Vitamins: Roles, Sources, Requirements and Deficiencies Vitamins: Roles, Sources, Requirements and Deficiencies Vitamins: Roles, Sources, Requirements and Deficiencies 1. Overview Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for the body in small amounts but cannot be synthesized by the body. We must obtain vitamins from our diet. Vitamins are classified into two groups: water-soluble vitamins…
Viral Structure and Morphology Viral Structure and Morphology Viral Structure and Morphology Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. This means they can only replicate inside a host cell, as they lack the ability to produce their own building blocks or synthesize proteins. Viral Structure: Capsid: This is the protein coat surrounding the virus, composed of protein…
Vietnamese-English Dictionary of Health Vietnamese-English Dictionary of Health Vietnamese-English Dictionary of Health Body Systems: Circulation: circulatory Digestion: digestive Respiration: respiratory Skeleton: skeletal Stomach: stomach Intestine: intestine Spine: spine = backbone Pump (heart, blood): pump Frown: frown Acupuncture: acupuncture Illness and Symptoms: Ailment: ailment = disease Acupoint: acupoint = pressure point Precaution: precaution Soreness: soreness Bacterium:…
Vibrio, Helicobacter, and Campylobacter Bacteria: Biological Features and Pathogenicity Vibrio, Helicobacter, and Campylobacter Bacteria: Biological Features and Pathogenicity Vibrio, Helicobacter, and Campylobacter Bacteria: Biological Features and Pathogenicity 1. Vibrio Biological Characteristics: Comma-shaped Motile due to a single flagellum at one end Facultative anaerobe Indole (+), Oxidase (+), Catalase (+) Glucose (+), Lactose (-) non-gas producer…
Vertex Presentation and Mechanism of Labor in Vertex Presentation Vertex Presentation and Mechanism of Labor in Vertex Presentation Vertex Presentation and Mechanism of Labor in Vertex Presentation # 1. Definition of Engagement: Question: How is engagement of the vertex defined? Answer: When the biparietal diameter of the fetal head is at the level of the…
Vascular Physiology Vascular Physiology 1. Effects of Cortisol on Blood Vessels: Cortisol and aldosterone are both metabolic products of cholesterol and share similar properties. Cortisol increases in response to adrenergic receptors stimulated by catecholamines, leading to an increase in vascular smooth muscle tone. This contributes to: Increased blood pressure: Due to vasoconstriction, increasing peripheral resistance.…
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): Overview and Treatment Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): Overview and Treatment Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a disease-causing virus with a structure consisting of: Envelope: Made up of lipids. Nucleocapsid core: Has an icosahedral shape. DNA: Is a double-stranded molecule. VZV is responsible for two diseases: Chickenpox: Commonly seen in children, it is the result…
Valency of Elements and Groups of Atoms Valency of Elements and Groups of Atoms The table below lists the valencies of some commonly encountered elements and groups of atoms: | Element/Group | Valency | |—|—| | H (Hydrogen) | 1 | | He (Helium) | … | | Li (Lithium) | 1 | | Be…
Urine Tests Urine Tests Urine Tests 1. Urological Tests: Urine Tests: Includes: Urinalysis: Evaluates color, clarity, odor, specific gravity, pH, levels of protein, glucose, ketone, bilirubin, urobilinogen, red blood cells, white blood cells, casts, crystals, yeast, bacteria… Urine Sediment Examination: Analyzes sediment to find red blood cells, white blood cells, casts, crystals, yeast, bacteria… Quantitative…
Urea and Creatinine Analysis: Recognizing and Managing Renal Failure Urea and Creatinine Analysis: Recognizing and Managing Renal Failure Urea and Creatinine Analysis: Recognizing and Managing Renal Failure 1. Pre-renal Renal Failure: Symptoms: Increased urea and creatinine. Cause: Decreased fluid volume, reducing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Management: Fluid replacement to raise blood pressure and increase GFR.…