Historical Knowledge: Supplement and Detail

1. What medical invention in the year 2000 had a significant impact on humanity?

The “Human Genome Map”, published in 2000, ushered in a new era for medicine. The map helps scientists better understand the functioning of the human body, leading to more effective treatments for various diseases.

Note:

• The human genome map is the result of the “Human Genome Project” research project that lasted for many years, involving scientists worldwide.
• The “Human Genome Map” is not a complete map, but it serves as a foundation for future genetic research and its applications in medicine.

2. Immediately after Japan’s coup d’état against France, the Central Party’s Standing Committee launched a high-tide movement.

The “Resist Japan, Save the Nation” movement.

Note:

• The “Resist Japan, Save the Nation” movement took place from September 1945 to March 1945, aiming to gain independence for the nation, preventing the country from falling into the hands of Japan and thwarting France’s scheme.
• The “Resist Japan, Save the Nation” movement was a historical turning point, laying the groundwork for the success of the August Revolution.

3. The following statement is not a significance of the August Revolution in 1945.

Defeat fascism in Asia.

Note:

• The August Revolution was a national liberation revolution, gaining independence for Vietnam, not a fight against fascism.
• Vietnam participated in the war against Japanese fascism, but the main victory belonged to the Soviet Red Army and the Allied forces.

4. Which US president approved the B52 air strike plan on Hanoi and Haiphong?

Richard Nixon.

Note:

• The B52 air strike plan on Hanoi and Haiphong was approved by Nixon during the Vietnam War in 1972.
• This operation, known as “Operation Linebacker II,” aimed to force Vietnam to accept US peace terms.

5. To separate the people from the revolution in the “Special War” strategy, the US-puppet regime implemented.

Population concentration to establish “Strategic Hamlets.”

Note:

• “Strategic Hamlets” was a policy of the US-puppet regime aimed at isolating and controlling rural areas, separating the people from the revolution.
• This policy resulted in numerous crimes, massacres, and severe impacts on people’s lives.

6. What favorable international context contributed to the rapid and less-bloody victory of the August Revolution in 1945?

The Soviet Red Army and Allied forces defeated German and Japanese fascism.

Note:

• The victory of the Soviet Red Army and Allied forces weakened the fascist forces, creating favorable conditions for colonized nations to gain independence.
• Japan’s weakened state after the war also facilitated the success of the August Revolution.

7. The headquarters of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is located in

Jakarta (Indonesia).

Note:

• ASEAN was established in 1967 with the goal of economic, cultural, and social cooperation among Southeast Asian nations.
• ASEAN is one of the largest regional cooperation organizations and plays a significant role in maintaining peace and stability in the region.

8. How did the victory in the 1950 Autumn-Winter Border Campaign change the strategic initiative in Indochina?

We gained the strategic initiative on the main battlefield in North Vietnam.

Note:

• The victory in the 1950 Autumn-Winter Border Campaign was the first major military victory of our army after the anti-French resistance war erupted.
• This victory affirmed the strength of our army, changing the battlefield situation and laying the groundwork for subsequent victories.

9. What US-Diem policy posed difficulties for the Southern revolution from 1954 to 1959?

Outlawing communism, enacting “Law 10-59,” implementing “denouncing communism” and “eliminating communism.”

Note:

• The “denouncing communism” and “eliminating communism” policy of the US-Diem regime aimed at terrorizing and suppressing the struggle of the people in the South.
• This policy created instability and division in Southern society.

10. The form of struggle of the Southern revolution in the years 1954-1956 was.

Political struggle against the US-Diem regime.

Note:

• From 1954-1956, the Southern revolution focused primarily on political struggle, building up forces and preparing for armed struggle.
• During this period, the political struggle of the people in the South posed many challenges to the US-Diem regime.

11. The prominent characteristic of Asia after World War II is

The national liberation movement developed vigorously, achieving many victories.

Note:

• After World War II, Asia was the region with the most vigorous national liberation movements.
• Numerous Asian countries gained independence, breaking free from colonial rule by powerful nations.

12. In August 1925, Saigon-Cholon witnessed the

Ba Son Workers’ Strike.

Note:

• The Ba Son Workers’ Strike was one of the first struggles of Vietnamese workers against French colonial rule.
• This strike spread to numerous industries and regions, demonstrating the unwavering fighting spirit of Vietnamese workers.

13. Which Party Congress initiated the process of national renewal in Vietnam?

The 6th Congress (1986).

Note:

• The 6th Party Congress (1986) adopted a comprehensive national renewal policy, marking a turning point in the economic and social development of Vietnam.
• The renewal process helped the country overcome the crisis and achieve significant progress in various sectors.

14. The significance of the attack on Moncada Barracks by the Cuban revolution is

Marking the beginning of the armed struggle phase.

Note:

• The attack on Moncada Barracks was one of the crucial events that initiated the Cuban Revolution.
• This attack demonstrated the will and fighting spirit of the Cuban people, contributing to the success of the Cuban Revolution.

15. “Whoever has a gun, use it. Whoever has a sword, use it. If you don’t have a sword, use a hoe, a spade, a stick, a log. Everyone must strive to fight against French colonialism and save the country.” This excerpt is from the document.

The nationwide resistance directive.

Note:

• The “Nationwide Resistance” directive was issued by President Ho Chi Minh on December 20, 1946, marking the eruption of the anti-French resistance war.
• The content of the directive reflects the determination of the entire Vietnamese nation to fight against the invading enemy.

16. During the Resist Japan, Save the Nation movement, which slogan was timely issued, addressing the aspirations of the people in the northern and north-central provinces?

Break into the rice granaries, solve the famine.

Note:

• The slogan “Break into the rice granaries, solve the famine” was issued amidst a situation where Japan plundered food, causing a severe famine in the northern and north-central provinces.
• This slogan called on the people to take action, reclaim food for the people, showcasing the patriotic spirit and struggle against foreign aggression of the Vietnamese people.

17. In August 1954, what movement did the people in the South engage in in Saigon-Cholon?

The peace movement.

Note:

• The peace movement occurred in August 1954, protesting against the Geneva Accords and demanding their implementation to restore peace in the South.
• This movement reflects the desire for peace and independence of the people in the South.

18. At the 2nd Congress (February 1951), the delegates decided to operate the Party publicly under a new name.

The Lao Dong Party of Vietnam.

Note:

• The 2nd National Congress of the Indochinese Communist Party (February 1951) decided to change the Party’s name to the Lao Dong Party of Vietnam and operate publicly.
• This event marked a new stage of development for the Party, contributing to the advance of the Vietnamese revolution towards victory.

19. What do the initial achievements of the renewal process in Vietnam during the 1986-1990 period demonstrate?

The Party’s renewal policy is correct, and the steps of the renewal process are appropriate.

Note:

• During the 1986-1990 period, the renewal process achieved significant progress in the economy and society, helping the country escape the crisis.
• This achievement confirms that the Party’s renewal policy is correct, and the steps of the renewal process are appropriate to the realities of the country.

20. What evidence suggests that after signing the 1973 Paris Agreement on ending the war in Vietnam, the US continued to be involved in the war in the South?

Keeping military advisors, establishing a military command.

Note:

• After signing the Paris Agreement in 1973, the US continued to provide military aid to the Saigon regime, maintaining military forces in the South, posing difficulties for the national reunification process.
• This action indicates that the US did not want to end the war in Vietnam and continued to interfere in Vietnam’s internal affairs.

21. Which of the following content is not included in the basic principles of relations between ASEAN member states?

Using force only with the agreement of two-thirds of the member states.

Note:

• ASEAN is a cooperative organization, not using force to resolve disputes between member states.
• The fundamental principles governing relations between ASEAN member states are resolving disputes peacefully, respecting international law and regional order.

22. The slogan “Drive out both Japan and France” was replaced by “Drive out Japanese fascists” in which document?

The directive “Japan and France are fighting, and our actions” (March 1945).

Note:

• The directive “Japan and France are fighting, and our actions” was issued by the Standing Committee of the Indochinese Communist Party Central Committee on March 12, 1945.
• This directive called on the people to unite in driving out Japanese fascism and prepare for the General Uprising to gain independence.

23. A key decision of the 2nd National Congress (February 1951) compared to the 1st National Congress (March 1953) of the Indochinese Communist Party was.

Making the Party operate publicly.

Note:

• The 2nd National Congress (February 1951) of the Indochinese Communist Party decided to make the Party operate publicly under the name Lao Dong Party of Vietnam.
• The 1st Congress (March 1953) still kept the Party’s operations secret.

24. The fundamental difference in terms of forces between the “Limited War” strategy and the “Special War” strategy.

US military forces played a crucial role.

Note:

• The “Special War” (1961-1965) primarily utilized the Saigon army, with the support of US military advisors.
• The “Limited War” (1965-1968) began with the direct deployment of US troops to the battlefield, with the US forces increasing in number.

25. Vietnam implements the renewal process in what circumstances?

The country faces a crisis, primarily an economic and social crisis.

Note:

• The renewal process was implemented in 1986, a time when Vietnam faced numerous difficulties, the result of ten years of implementing the centralized planned economy, leading to economic stagnation and hardship for the people.
• Renewal was an urgent solution to escape the crisis and drive the country toward development.

26. The consistent revolutionary path of the Party from 1930 to the present is

National independence and socialism.

Note:

• The Party has always remained steadfast in its goals of national independence and socialism since its establishment in 1930.
• The goal of national independence, liberating the country, and building a just, democratic, and civilized society is the guiding principle for revolutions and national construction efforts.

27. In the face of difficulties after the August Revolution in 1945, the Provisional Government announced the order for

Nationwide General Election.

Note:

• After the August Revolution in 1945, the country faced numerous challenges: a dilapidated economy, widespread famine, and political instability.
• The Provisional Government issued the order for Nationwide General Election to stabilize the political situation and build a new state.

28. Which force played a significant and continuously growing role in terms of numbers in the “Limited War” strategy?

US troops or US expeditionary forces.

Note:

• In the “Limited War” strategy, US troops participated directly in the war, with their numbers increasing over time.
• The presence of US troops made the Vietnam War more brutal and destructive.

29. In 1930, the Party’s name was

The Communist Party of Vietnam.

Note:

• The Communist Party of Vietnam was established in February 1930 in Hong Kong.
• The Communist Party of Vietnam is the ruling party in Vietnam.

30. At the 1st Central Executive Committee meeting held in Hong Kong in October 1930, the Party’s name was changed to

The Indochinese Communist Party.

Note:

• The 1st Central Executive Committee meeting of the Communist Party of Vietnam (October 1930) decided to change the Party’s name to the Indochinese Communist Party.
• This change was to align with the political situation in Indochina.

31. The force that played a special role in the “Special War” and “Vietnamization of the war” strategies was

The Saigon army.

Note:

• The “Special War” (1961-1965) utilized the Saigon army as the main force, with support from US military advisors.
• “Vietnamization of the war” (1969-1973) aimed to hand over the battlefield to the Saigon army, reducing US casualties.

32. At the 2nd National Congress in February 1951 in Chiem Hoa, Tuyen Quang, the Party changed its name and operated publicly under this name.

The Lao Dong Party of Vietnam.

Note:

• The 2nd National Congress of the Indochinese Communist Party (February 1951) changed the Party’s name to the Lao Dong Party of Vietnam and operated publicly.

33. At the 4th National Congress in December 1976 in Hanoi, the Party changed its name to

The Communist Party of Vietnam.

Note:

• The 4th National Congress of the Lao Dong Party of Vietnam (December 1976) decided to change the Party’s name to the Communist Party of Vietnam.
• The name change was to align with the context of the country’s reunification, entering a new stage of nation-building.

34. The purpose of the Vietnamese military’s decision to attack the Dien Bien Phu fortress group (1954) was to

Eliminate the enemy forces, liberate the Northwest region, creating conditions to liberate North Laos.

Note:

• The Dien Bien Phu Campaign was one of the great victories of the Vietnamese army and people in the anti-French resistance war.
• This victory contributed to the success of the anti-French resistance war.

35. What is the most decisive factor leading to the success of the initial stage of the renewal process in Vietnam?

Renewing thinking, especially economic thinking.

Note:

• Renewing thinking was one of the most crucial factors leading to the success of the renewal process.
• Renewing economic thinking was a turning point for Vietnam to transition from a centralized planned economy to a market economy.

36. One of the fundamental lessons learned by the Party during the renewal period is

Mobilizing the entire political system for the renewal process.

Note:

• For the renewal process to succeed, it’s essential to mobilize the collective strength of the entire political system.
• The political system must be united and determined to implement the renewal policy, creating a unified force to drive national development.