Chemical Composition of Some Medicinal Herbs

Below is a list of chemical constituents of some commonly used medicinal herbs in traditional Vietnamese medicine. Note that this list is not exhaustive and there may be other components that have not been studied or identified.

1. Herbs containing alkaloids:

• Quisqualis Indica (Sử quân tử): Alkaloids (quisqualis acid)
• Areca catechu (Binh lang): Alkaloids (arecolin, arecaidin)
• Artemisia annua (Thanh hao hoa vàng): Alkaloids (artemisinin)
• Hydrangea macrophylla (Thg sơn): Alkaloids (dichroin = febrifugin)

2. Herbs containing saponins:

• Bupleurum chinense (Sài hồ): Saponins (saikosaponin)
• Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Qua lâu nhân): Saponins
• Sophora japonica (Kha tử): Tannins

3. Herbs containing tannins:

• Trapa bispinosa (Hạt trâm bầu): Tannins
• Rheum palmatum (Đại hoàng): Tannins
• Ribes rubrum (Kim anh tử (quả)): Tannins
• Cornus officinalis (Sơn thù): Galloyl glucosid tannins
• Punica granatum (Thạch lựu bì): Tannins
• Sophora japonica (Kha tử): Tannins

4. Herbs containing organic acids:

• Crataegus pinnatifida (Sơn tra): Organic acids (various types)
• Honey (Mật ong): Organic acids

5. Herbs containing fatty oils:

• Trapa bispinosa (Hạt trâm bầu): Fats
• Strychnos nux-vomica (Ma nhân): Fatty oil
• Phaseolus radiatus (Ba đậu chế): Fatty oil
• Piper longum (Tang phiêu tiêu): Albumin, fats, fiber, Fe, Ca

6. Herbs containing essential oils:

• Xanthium strumarium (Xà xàng tử): Essential oil, coumarin, organic acids

7. Herbs containing sterol derivatives:

• Xuyên luyện tử: Sterol derivatives

8. Herbs containing amino acids:

• Cucurbita pepo (Hạt bí ngô): Amino acids (cucurbitin)

9. Herbs containing anthranoids:

• Cassia fistula (Muồng trâu): Anthranoids
• Senna alexandrina (Chút chít): Anthranoids
• Rheum palmatum (Đại hoàng): Anthranoids
• Aloe vera (Lô hội): Anthranoids

10. Herbs containing minerals:

• Realgar (Hùng hoàng): As2S2, Fe, Si
• Calomel (Khinh phấn): Hg2Cl2
• Sulfur (Lưu huỳnh): Sulfur
• Khiếm thực: Protein, lipids, minerals

11. Herbs containing enzymes:

• Hordeum vulgare (Mạch nha (mầm)): Enzymes
• Zingiber officinale (Thần khúc): Digestive enzymes
• Honey (Mật ong): Enzymes

12. Herbs containing flavonoids:

• Punica granatum (Thạch lựu bì): Flavonoids

13. Herbs containing toxic glycosides:

• Ribes rubrum (Kim anh tử (hạt)): Toxic glycosides

14. Herbs containing special components:

• Pueraria lobata (Kê nội kim): 12 soybean isoflavones
• Hordeum vulgare (Mạch nha (hạt)): Starch
• Coix lacryma-jobi (Cốc nha): (Information needs verification)
• Cymbopogon citratus (Sả): (Information needs to be added)
• Piper nigrum (Mang tiêu): Sodium sulfate

Notes:

• This list only includes the main components that have been studied. There may be many other unidentified components.
• The concentration and proportion of chemical constituents in each herb can vary depending on the origin, growing conditions, harvesting, and processing.
• Some chemical components may have different pharmacological effects, even being toxic at high doses.
• The use of herbs should follow the instructions of a physician to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Additional Information:

• More information needs to be added about the chemical composition of herbs not mentioned in this list.
• Further research is needed on the pharmacological effects of chemical components in each herb to better understand their mechanisms of action and safe dosage.
• Attention should be paid to the storage and processing of herbs to ensure their quality and effectiveness.

This information is for reference only. Always consult a physician for advice and instructions on safe and effective use of medication.