Plant Classification: Common Plant Families

This article provides a brief overview of some commonly encountered plant families, classified by order and subclass, along with some examples of plants belonging to those families. Please note:

• Names in parentheses are the medicinal names of the plants, often in Vietnamese.

• This article is merely an introduction, and not a comprehensive list of all plants belonging to each family.

1. Subclass Caryophyllidae

• Order Caryophyllales

• Family Amaranthaceae (Amaranth Family)

• Medicinal Plants: *Cỏ xước* (Amaranthus spinosus), *Cúc bách nhật* (Gomphrena globosa), *Mào gà* (Celosia cristata), *Ngưu tất* (Achyranthes aspera), *Nhung hoa* (Achyranthes bidentata)

• Family Polygonaceae (Knotweed Family)

• Medicinal Plants: *Cốt khí củ* (Polygonum multiflorum), *Đại hoàng* (Rheum palmatum), *Chút chít* (Polygonum perfoliatum), *Hà thủ ô đỏ* (Polygonum multiflorum), *Nghể* (Polygonum hydropiper), *Mạch ba góc* (Polygonum aviculare), *Rau răm* (Polygonum odoratum), *Rau đắng đất* (Polygonum nepalense), *Rau má ngọ* (Polygonum chinense), *Thồm lồm* (Polygonum orientale)

2. Subclass Dilleniidae

• Order Cucurbitales

• Family Cucurbitaceae (Gourd Family)

• Edible Vegetables: Pumpkin, Squash, Zucchini, Melon, Cucumber, Watermelon, Gourd, Bitter Gourd

• Medicinal Plants: Pumpkin, Watermelon, Cucumber, *Đài hái* (Trichosanthes kirilowii), *Gấc* (Momordica cochinchinensis), *La hán quả* (Siraitia grosvenorii), Gourd, Bitter Gourd, *Qua lâu* (Momordica charantia), *Thiên hoa phấn* (Gynostemma pentaphyllum)

• Additional: *Giảo cổ lam* (Gynostemma pentaphyllum)

• Order Malvales

• Family Brassicaceae (Mustard Family)

• Edible Vegetables: Cabbage, Kale, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Bok choy, Turnip, Mustard Greens

• Medicinal Plants: *Cải bẹ* (Brassica juncea), *Cải canh* (Brassica rapa), *Cải trắng* (Brassica rapa), *Cải xoong* (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), *Cải bắp* (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), *Củ cải* (Raphanus sativus), *Tề thái* (Brassica juncea var. tsai-tai), *Thanh đại* (Brassica juncea var. chinensis)

• Order Malvales

• Family Malvaceae (Mallow Family)

• Medicinal Plants: Cotton, *Bụp bấm* (Hibiscus sabdariffa), *Cối xay* (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), *Ké* (Hibiscus tiliaceus), *Dâm bụt* (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), *Mướp tây* (Abelmoschus esculentus), *Phù dung* (Hibiscus mutabilis), *Sâm bố chính* (Abelmoschus moschatus), *Vông vang* (Ochrocarpus grandiflorus)

• Edible: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

• Family Moraceae (Mulberry Family)

• Plants: Breadfruit, Fig, Mulberry, Osage Orange, Jackfruit, Mulberry, Banyan, Fig, Breadfruit, *Sui* (Toxicodendron succedaneum), *Trâu cổ* (Ficus fistulosa), *Xa kê* (Ficus benghalensis)

• Order Euphorbiales

• Family Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family)

• Ornamental Plants: *Trạng nguyên* (Euphorbia pulcherrima), *Xương rắn* (Euphorbia antiquorum)

• Food: Cassava, Tapioca

• Oil: *Trẩu* (Vernicia fordii), *Lai* (Croton tiglium), *Tung* (Jatropha curcas)

• Rubber: Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

• Edible Greens: *Rau ngót* (Sauropus androgynus)

• Poisonous Plants: *Han gà* (Euphorbia hirta), *Ba đậu* (Croton tiglium)

• Medicinal Plants: *Ba đậu* (Croton tiglium), *Khổ sâm* (Euphorbia pekinensis), *Cỏ sữa lá to* (Euphorbia heterophylla), *Cỏ sữa lá nhỏ* (Euphorbia thymifolia), *Thầu dầu* (Ricinus communis), *Phèn đen* (Euphorbia hirta), *Chó đẻ răng cưa* (Euphorbia prostrata)

3. Subclass Rosidae

• Order Rosales

• Family Rosaceae (Rose Family)

• Fruit: Peach, Plum, Apricot, Strawberry

• Ornamental: Roses

• Medicinal Plants: Peach, *Chua chát* (Crataegus cuneata), *Đùm đũm* (Crataegus pinnatifida), *Địa du* (Rubus ellipticus), Peach, *Kim anh* (Rosa chinensis), *Long nha thảo* (Rosa laevigata), Raspberry, *Ngấy hương* (Rosa multiflora), *Sơn tra* (Crataegus pinnatifida), *Táo mèo* (Malus baccata), *Tỳ bà diệp* (Eriobotrya japonica), *Tầm xuân* (Rubus corchorifolius), *Mộc qua* (Smilax glabra), *Hạnh nhân* (Prunus dulcis)

• Family Myrtaceae (Myrtle Family)

• Plants: Eucalyptus, *Chổi xuể* (Melaleuca cajuputi), *Đơn tướng quân* (Syzygium samarangense), Clove, Guava, Myrtle, *Sắn thuyền* (Syzygium cumini), *Tràm* (Melaleuca leucadendra), *Vối* (Ziziphus jujuba)

• Family Fabaceae (Pea Family)

• Edible Vegetables & Fruits: Various types of Beans, Peas, Lentils

• Timber: Ironwood, Teak, Rosewood

• Dye: Indigo

• Ornamental: Golden Shower Tree, Flame Tree

• Cosmetic: Soapnut

• Pest Control: *Dây mật* (Ipomoea aquatica)

• Poisonous: *Bàm bàm* (Mucuna pruriens), *Đậu dao* (Phaseolus lunatus), *Củ đậu* (Pachyrhizus erosus), *Cam thảo dây* (Abrus precatorius), *Thàn mát* (Abrus precatorius)

• Order Araliales

• Family Apiaceae (Carrot Family)

• Spices: Coriander, Fennel, Carrot, Dill, Celery

• Medicinal Plants: *Bạch chỉ* (Angelica dahurica), *Độc hoạt* (Angelica pubescens), *Đương quy* (Angelica sinensis), *Khương hoạt* (Angelica sinensis), *Phòng phong* (Saposhnikovia divaricata), *Rau má* (Centella asiatica), *Giần sàng* (Bupleurum chinense), *Sài hồ bắc* (Bupleurum chinense), *Tiền hồ* (Bupleurum falcatum), *Tiểu hồi* (Illicium verum), *Xuyên khung* (Ligusticum wallichii)

• Family Araliaceae (Ginseng Family)

• Plants: Ginseng, *Tam thất* (Panax notoginseng), *Đinh lăng* (Polyscias fruticosa), *Sâm vũ diệp* (Eleutherococcus senticosus), *Sâm Việt Nam* (Panax vietnamensis), *Thường xuân* (Hedera helix), *Ngũ gia bì gai* (Schefflera arboricola), *Ngũ gia bì chân chim* (Schefflera arboricola), *Đu đủ rừng* (Aralia elata), *Thông thảo* (Tetrapanax papyriferus), *Cuồng* (Aralia chinensis)

• Order Rutales

• Family Rutaceae (Citrus Family)

• Fruit: Orange, Lemon, Grapefruit, Tangerine

• Spices: Tangerine Peel, *Sẻn* (Citrus aurantium)

• Medicinal Plants: *Ba chạc* (Citrus medica), *Bưởi* (Citrus grandis), *Chanh* (Citrus limon), *Chỉ thực* (Citrus aurantium), *Cửu lý hương* (Ruta graveolens), *Dâm hôi* (Evodia rutaecarpa), *Hồng bì* (Citrus aurantium), *Hoàng bá* (Phellodendron amurense), *Kim sương* (Evodia rutaecarpa), *Muồng truổng* (Sesbania grandiflora), *Ngô thù* (Evodia rutaecarpa), *Phật thủ* (Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis), *Quýt* (Citrus reticulata), *Tầm xoọng* (Evodia rutaecarpa), *Thường sơn nhật* (Evodia rutaecarpa), *Vương tùng* (Evodia rutaecarpa), *Xuyên tiêu* (Piper longum)

• Order Asterales

• Family Asteraceae (Aster Family)

• Edible Greens: Mugwort, Chrysanthemum Greens, Lettuce

• Spices: Chrysanthemum

• Dye: Saffron

• Medicinal Plants: Artichoke, *Bạch thuật* (Atractylodes macrocephala), *Cỏ nhọ nồi* (Eclipta prostrata), *Cỏ ngọt* (Stevia rebaudiana), *Cúc hoa* (Chrysanthemum morifolium), *Cúc tần* (Chrysanthemum indicum), *Hồng hoa* (Carthamus tinctorius), *Huy thiêm* (Artemisia capillaris), *Ké đầu ngựa* (Silybum marianum), *Khoản đông hoa* (Artemisia annua), *Mần tưới* (Gynura procumbens), *Mộc hương* (Atractylodes lancea), *Ngải cứu* (Artemisia vulgaris), *Sài đất* (Achyranthes aspera), *Thương truật* (Atractylodes macrocephala), *Thanh cao hoa vàng* (Solidago virgaurea), *Tử uyển* (Artemisia annua)

• Family Campanulaceae (Bellflower Family)

• Plants: *Cát cânh* (Codonopsis pilosula), *Đẳng sâm* (Codonopsis lanceolata), *Sa sâm* (Adenophora triphylla)

Note:

• This article provides a brief overview of some commonly encountered plant families, not a complete list of all plants in each family.

• Names in parentheses are the medicinal names of the plants, often in Vietnamese.

• The common names of plants may vary between regions, so be cautious to avoid confusion.

• Refer to specialized literature for more accurate and complete information about plants in each family.