Colorectal Cancer: A Brief Report

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of cancer, ranking high among all cancers.

Classification and Location:

• The majority of CRC (90-95%) are adenocarcinomas and mucinous adenocarcinomas, diagnosed primarily through colonoscopy.

• Common locations:

• Rectum (45%)

• Sigmoid colon (25%)

• Other locations (30%)

Risk Factors:

• Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome: A leading risk factor.

• Juvenile polyposis syndrome: Also a notable risk factor.

Statistics:

• Globally: CRC is the third most common cancer in terms of new cases and the second leading cause of cancer deaths.

• In Vietnam:

• Both genders: CRC is the fifth most common cancer in terms of new cases.

• Males: It’s the fourth most common cancer in terms of new cases.

• Females: It’s the third most common cancer in terms of new cases.

Age:

• Common age: 40 – 60 years old.

• Rapid increase after: 45 – 50 years old.

Metastasis:

• Lymph nodes:

• Pericolic nodes

• Para-aortic nodes

• Supraclavicular nodes

Biological Nature of the Tumor:

• Genetic alterations:

• BRAF mutations

• Microsatellite instability (MSI)

• Mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutations

Note: This is a general summary of CRC. To understand the disease better, please consult with a specialist doctor.