2nd Semester Exam Preparation: Formulation

1. Bismuth Nitrate:

• Page 33: Mechanical dispersion.

2. Terpin Hydrate:

• Page 33: Mechanical dispersion.

• Poorly soluble drug: Terpin hydrate

• Emulsifier: Acacia (CNH D/N)

• Preservative: Sodium benzoate (water-soluble)

• Sweetener: Codeine

3. Precipitation method:

• Page 33:

• Gelatin A + Tartaric acid + Water

• Wet gum method

• Page 18:

• Flavoring agent: Ethanol

4. Mineral oil:

• Page 18: Dry gum method.

• Components: Mineral oil + Acacia + Water –> Thick emulsion

• Add mixture: Syrup + Water + Vanillin

5. KOH:

• Page 19: Mix the two phases after heating.

• Components: KOH + Stearic acid + Glycerin

6. Sulfadiazine:

• Page 18: Mix the two phases after heating (reduce viscosity)

• Components: Sulfadiazine + Cottonseed oil + Sorbitan mono

7. Crude peanut oil:

• Page 18: Direct XPH (CNH is Ca oleate N/D)

• Components: Crude peanut oil + Lime water

8. Creosote:

• Page 20: Using a common solvent.

• Components: Creosote + Lecithin + Ethanol

9. Bromoform:

• Page 24: Potio emulsion (D/N).

• Components: Bromoform + Oil + CNH

• Disadvantages: Irritates mucous membranes.

• Corrections:

• Peanut oil: Reduce the density of the oil phase.

• Acacia: Emulsify oil.

10. Paraffin oil (500ml):

• Page 24: Oil-in-water emulsion (D/N).

• CNH: Gum + Mucilage

• Method: Wet gum or dry gum combined with wet.

• Procedure:

• Create mixture 1: Lemon oil + Paraffin

• Create mixture 2: Mucilage + Gum/Water, water bath + Sodium benzoate (preservative).

• Add Vanillin + Glycerol + Water to mixture 2.

• Pour mixture 1 into mixture 2.

11. Cottonseed oil:

• Page 25: Injectable emulsion.

• Procedure:

• Phase 1: Oil + Lecithin (70 degrees C)

• Phase 2: Dextrose + Pluronic + Water (90 degrees C)

• Combine the two phases.

12. Tocopherol & BHT:

• Antioxidant: Protects the oil phase.

13. Nipagin & Nipazol:

• Preservative: Use for internal emulsions.

14. Benzalkonium Cl & Clocresol:

• Preservative: For external use.

15. Opi benzoic compound spirit:

• Page 33: Precipitation method.

• Components: Compound spirit + Simple syrup + Water

16. Zinc sulfate:

• Page 34: Precipitation method.

• Components: Zinc sulfate + Potassium sulfide + Distilled water.

• Procedure: Dissolve each substance in water, add K2S to K2SO4.

17. Lead acetate:

• Page 34: Dispersion + precipitation.

• Components: Lead acetate + Ammonium chloride + Precipitated sulfur + Ethanol.

18. Erythromycin:

• Page 36: Tween 80 is a permeation enhancer.

• Components: Erythromycin + White sugar + Sodium alginate + Tween 80 + Sodium benzoate.

19. Kaolin:

• Page 36: Kaolin and pectin suspension.

• Procedure:

• Phase 1: Kaolin + Water

• Phase 2: Pectin + Glycerol

• Add benzoic acid dissolved in hot water to phase 2, cool.

• Add peppermint oil and mixture 1 to phase 2.

20. AL(OH)3:

• Page 37: Antacid suspension.

• Components: AL(OH)3 + Mg(OH)2 + Sodium CMC + Paraben + Calcium saccharin.

21. Calamine:

• Page 37: Calamine lotion.

• Method: Mechanical dispersion.

• Components: Calamine + Bentonite + Zinc oxide.

22. Ibuprofen 4%:

• Page 38: Ibuprofen 4% + Cremophor.

23. Ampicillin trihydrate:

• Page 38: Ampicillin suspension powder.

24. Medroxyprogesterone:

• Page 38:

25. MG2SO4:

• Method: Precipitation.

• Procedure:

• MG2SO4 + NaOH –> MgOH2.

• Provide a large surface area.

• Add peppermint oil, NaCMC.

26. Mineral oil:

• Components: Mineral oil + Saccharose + Vanillin + Ethanol.

• Procedure: Saccharose + Water.

• Note: Add 12.5g of Acacia.

27. Peanut oil:

• Components: Peanut oil + Stearic acid + Tween 80 + Glycerin.

• Note:

• CNH is not readily available.

• Add an antiseptic preservative.

28. Copper sulfate + Zinc sulfate + Water + Lanolin + Vaseline:

• Dalibour’s ointment: Mix well, emulsify.

29. Cholesterol + Hard paraffin + White vaseline + Paraffin oil:

• Oil solution: Dissolution method.

• Action: Dry emulsion, more stable than complete emulsion, astringent for mucous membranes, absorbs fluid.

30. Fine zinc oxide + Cetostearyl alcohol + Lanolin + White paraffin + Vaseline:

• Suspension: Simple mixing.

• Action: Absorb (emulsify).

• Role of Lanolin: Absorption.

31. Peg 400 + Vaseline + Paraffin + Water:

• O/W emulsion: Mix well, emulsify.

• Note: Vaseline is an O/W emulsifying agent.