Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

1. Menorrhagia:

• Cyclical bleeding.

• Lasts more than 7 days.

• Includes functional menorrhagia and organic menorrhagia.

• Menorrhagia is a symptom, not a disease.

2. Metrorrhagia:

• Bleeding from the genital tract lasting more than 7 days.

• Not cyclical.

3. Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding:

• Physical lesions in the genital organs.

• Complications related to pregnancy.

• Systemic diseases.

• Drug-induced factors.

4. Pregnancy-related complications causing abnormal uterine bleeding:

• Miscarriage.

• Ectopic pregnancy.

• Retained placenta.

5. Drug-induced complications causing abnormal uterine bleeding:

• Hormone replacement therapy.

• Depo-Provera injections.

• Anticoagulant treatment.

6. Oligomenorrhea:

• Very little menstrual flow.

7. Hypermenorrhea:

• More menstrual flow than normal.

8. During puberty, it is common to experience:

• Hypermenorrhea.

• Menorrhagia.

• Irregular menstruation.

• Metrorrhagia.

9. During perimenopause, it is common to experience:

• Hypermenorrhea.

• Menorrhagia.

• Irregular menstruation.

• Metrorrhagia.

10. A girl experienced menorrhagia with heavy flow during her first menstruation.

• The first step is to monitor and manage the situation appropriately based on the girl’s condition. It is not advisable to immediately address the bleeding issue as it may affect the girl’s health.

11. In all cases of menstrual disorders in perimenopause, malignancy should be suspected.

• Each specific case should be carefully considered to reach an accurate conclusion.

12. Physical lesions in the genital organs causing abnormal uterine bleeding can be caused by:

• Submucosal uterine fibroids.

• Genital tuberculosis.

• Choriocarcinoma.

13. The best treatment for symptomatic menorrhagia and metrorrhagia in perimenopause is endometrial curettage due to the following benefits:

• Rapid bleeding control.

• Pathological examination to determine the condition of the endometrium.

14. In case of abnormal vaginal bleeding in perimenopause, the required test is:

• Endometrial biopsy.

15. Functional menorrhagia is usually caused by anovulation.

• This is true.

16. There are 5 distinct groups of causes for abnormal uterine bleeding:

• Complications of pregnancy.

• Physical lesions in the genital organs.

• Systemic diseases.

• Drug-induced factors.

• Functional menorrhagia, metrorrhagia.

17. Perimenopausal menorrhagia endometrial biopsy mostly shows proliferative patterns. Meanwhile, perimenopausal menorrhagia often presents with endometrial atrophy.

• This is true.

18. Menorrhagia, metrorrhagia in reproductive age have the following characteristics, EXCEPT:

• Hypermenorrhea is mostly due to physical lesions. (Hypermenorrhea can be caused by physical lesions or other reasons)

19. Before an abnormal vaginal bleeding in perimenopause, the required test is:

• Fractional curettage.

20. Menorrhagia due to cystic hyperplasia has the following characteristics:

• Endometrium thickness up to 3-5 cm.

• Endometrial curettage leads to a 50% cure rate for a long period of time.

Note: The information above is for reference purposes only. You should consult a doctor for timely diagnosis and treatment.