Lesson 3: Birth Rate, Death Rate and Influencing Factors

1. Birth Rate:

• Birth rate indicates: The number of live births throughout a woman’s reproductive life.

• Women’s childbearing age: 15-49 years old

• Lifespan: The period of time from birth to death.

2. Factors Influencing Birth Rate:

• Factors affecting birth rate are divided into 5 groups.

3. Death Rate:

• Late neonatal death is a death event that occurs from 7 days to less than 28 days old.

• Common death rate measurement indicators:

• Crude Death Rate (CDR) and Age-Specific Death Rate (ASDR)

• Advantages of Age-Specific Death Rate (ASDR):

• Not affected by the age structure of the population.

• Disadvantages of Crude Death Rate (CDR):

• Dependent on the population structure.

• Indicators measuring reproductive level:

• Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR), Net Reproduction Rate (NRR)

• Indicators measuring birth rate over time:

• CBR, GFR, ASFR, TFR

• Current gross reproduction rate in the world: 18 per thousand

• Replacement reproduction level in Vietnam during the period 2009-2018: 2.1

• Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in rural areas compared to urban areas: Always higher.

• The region with the highest TFR nationwide during the period 2009-2018: Central Highlands and Northern Midland and Mountainous regions.

4. Factors Influencing Death Rate:

• The most important factor and having the greatest impact on the development of the population structure: Death rate.

• The most sensitive indicator to assess the impact of living standards, health care, and development level on death rate: Infant mortality rate (IMR).

• The indicator reflects the work of caring for and protecting mothers and children: Perinatal mortality rate (PMR).

• Indicator reflecting the level of economic, health, education development, and the superiority of social welfare policies: Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR).

5. Analysis of Indicators:

• GFR:

• More clearly reflects reproductive changes than Crude Birth Rate (CBR).

• CBR:

• Dependent on the population structure.

Note: The article is rewritten based on available data and supplemented with some information to increase logic and clarity.