Bleeding: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Identify It

Bleeding: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Identify It

Bleeding is the condition of blood flowing out of blood vessels, which can occur anywhere in the body.

1. Bleeding Circumstances:

• Trauma or not: Bleeding due to trauma is usually obvious, associated with wounds.

• Vomiting blood, black stool: Gastrointestinal bleeding.

• Menorrhagia, hematuria, nosebleeds and bleeding gums: Mucosal bleeding.

2. Medical History:

• Personal history:

• Any trauma?

• Menorrhagia or menorrhagia?

• Use of anticoagulants?

• Liver and biliary diseases?

• Systemic diseases?

• Family history:

• Hemophilia?

• Difficult to stop bleeding?

3. Clinical Examination:

• Bleeding under the skin, mucous membranes:

• Location: Skin and mucosal areas.

• Morphology: Size, shape, color.

• Quantity: Scattered or concentrated.

• Progression: Color over time.

• Skin tension test: Checking the strength of the blood vessels.

• Internal bleeding:

• Brain hemorrhage, meningeal hemorrhage: Neurological signs.

• Liver, lung hemorrhage: X-ray, ultrasound.

• Gastrointestinal bleeding: Vomiting blood, black stools.

• Urinary system: Hematuria.

4. Paraclinal Examination:

• Tourniquet test: Assess vascular strength.

• Platelet count: Check the number and quality of platelets.

• Coagulation factor test: Check the activity of intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation factors.

5. Classification of Bleeding:

• Platelet bleeding:

• Spontaneous bleeding, polymorphic, small in size, multi-age.

• Accompanied by mucosal bleeding, reduced platelet count or quality.

• Coagulation factor bleeding:

• Bleeding after trauma, localized, in patches.

• Progression depends on the location of the lesion, less mucosal bleeding.

• Bleeding due to vascular damage:

• Complex management, excluding platelet and coagulation factor bleeding.

• Systemic vascular damage: Due to immune complexes (e.g., Henoch-Schönlein purpura: Purpura, abdominal pain, arthritis).

• Similar to thrombocytopenic bleeding, but platelet count is normal, tourniquet test is positive.

Note: This article is for informational purposes only and should not replace the advice of a doctor. If you suspect that you or someone you know is bleeding, see a doctor for diagnosis and timely treatment.