Urinary System – Multiple Choice Questions

Urinary System – Multiple Choice Questions

1. The epithelial cells of which of the following regions are transformed into podocytes in the glomerular filtration complex?

A. Glomerulus

B. Proximal convoluted tubule

C. Distal convoluted tubule

D. Loop of Henle

E. Collecting duct

Answer: C

2. Which of the following structures primarily determines the size selectivity of molecules passing through the glomerular filtration membrane?

A. Glomerular capillary endothelial layer

B. Basement membrane

C. Podocytes

D. Bowman’s capsule epithelium

E. All of the above

Answer: E

3. Chronic kidney disease staging is based on which of the following factors?

A. Level of proteinuria

B. Level of hematuria

C. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

D. Level of hypertension

E. Glucose level in urine

Answer: C

4. Components of the glomerular filtration membrane. Choose the incorrect statement:

A. Glomerular capillaries

B. Podocytes

C. Renal tubular epithelium

D. Basement membrane

E. Filtration slits formed by podocytes

Answer: C

5. Which of the following factors tend to increase glomerular filtration rate?

A. Decreased plasma albumin concentration

B. Dilation of afferent arterioles

C. Constriction of efferent arterioles

D. A and C are correct

E. All of the above

Answer: E

6. Which of the following components plays a major role in tubuloglomerular feedback?

A. Podocytes

B. Juxtaglomerular complex

C. Proximal convoluted tubule

D. Efferent arteriole

Answer: B

7. Which of the following substances is not used in evaluating renal function?

A. Cystatin C

B. Creatinine

C. Insulin

D. Urea

E. PAH

Answer: C

8. The major drawback of estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine is:

A. Creatinine is minimally secreted by the renal tubules

B. Serum creatinine assay method is complex

C. Serum concentration varies considerably with meals

D. Serum creatinine concentration varies with muscle mass

E. All are incorrect

Answer: E

9. Nephrotic syndrome can lead to the presence of albumin in urine due to which of the following?

A. Increased amount of albumin passing through widened filtration slits in the glomerulus

B. Decreased albumin reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule

C. Increased albumin secretion in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

D. Increased filtration pressure in the glomerulus pushing more albumin through the filtration slits

Answer: A

10. In a normal individual, filtrate after passing through the glomerulus may contain which of the following components?

A. Glucose

B. Amino acids

C. Red blood cells

D. White blood cells

Answer: A

11. Which of the following factors has a negligible role in generating the pressure gradient during glomerular filtration?

A. Hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries

B. Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space

C. High pressure in the efferent arteriole

D. High pressure of the glomerular filtrate

E. All are incorrect

Answer: E

12. Choose the correct statement regarding glomerular filtration rate:

A. Glomerular filtration rate is the result of tubular reabsorption and secretion

B. Glomerular filtration rate is estimated

Answer: B