Spectrum – Infrared and Ultraviolet Rays

Spectrum – Infrared and Ultraviolet Rays

Spectrum is the range of electromagnetic radiation separated by wavelength or frequency. There are many types of spectra, among which infrared and ultraviolet are two common types.

Spectroscopic equipment consists of the following main parts:

• Collimator: Creates a parallel beam of light from the light source.

• Dispersing element: Separates light into its different wavelength components.

• Dark chamber: Receives and displays the spectrum image.

Infrared radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a longer wavelength than visible light. Natural sources of infrared radiation include the Sun, the Earth, and hot objects. Artificial sources include:

• Incandescent light bulbs

• Gas stoves, coal stoves

• Infrared diodes

Effects of infrared radiation:

• Thermal effect: Heating, drying.

• Chemical effect: Application in the chemical industry.

Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a shorter wavelength than visible light. Sources of ultraviolet radiation include:

• Objects with a temperature above 2000 degrees Celsius

• Discharge tubes

Effects of ultraviolet radiation:

• Effect on glass: Makes glass opaque, brittle.

• Stimulates the luminescence of some substances.

• Sterilization of food, medical instruments.

Types of radio waves

• Long waves: Less absorbed by water, used in underwater communication.

• Medium waves: Strongly absorbed by the ionosphere during the day, well reflected at night. Used in communication at night.

• Short waves: Reflected by the layer back to the ground.

• Very short waves: Highest energy, transmit straight without being absorbed or reflected by the ionosphere. Used in television broadcasting, space communication.

Applications:

• Long waves, medium waves, and short waves are used in terrestrial broadcasting.

Note: This article only provides basic information on spectrum, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and types of radio waves. For more information on their specific applications, please refer to specialized materials.